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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 






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Breecli-Loading 



I.O]V€i.RAI¥€}E. *» Creedinoor." 

As used by tbe Eifle Teams. Price. 

No. 1 Pistol-grip stock, vernier and wind-gauge sights, 34 inch 

barrel, 10 lbs. weight $100.00 

No. 2 Sporting pistol-srip-pattern stock, vernier and wind- 
gauge sights, 34 inch barrel, 10 lbs. weight 75.00 

'No. 3 Military stock, vernier aud wind-gauge sights, 34 inch 

barrel, 10 lbs. weight 55.00 

Extra Same as No, 1, except rubber butt and tip, and checked 

fore-end, including spirit level and 2 ex. discs 125.00 

Superior Same as extra, except selected, curly, polished stock 150.00 

]TIII>-RAZ%Oi:. " Wiin1>ledon." 

■ ^ 44-77 45-70 aud 50-70. 28 in. 30 in. 

No. Sporting stock, ordinary peep & globe sights ^9.00 f 41.00 

No. 1 Sporting stock, improved peep and globe sights.- . 44.50 46,50 

No. 2 Spoil ing pistol-grip-pattern stock, improved peep 

and globe sights 50.00 52.00 

No. 3 Sporting pistol-grip-pattern stock, improved peep 

and wind-gauge sights 51.50 53.50 

No. 4 Sporting pistol-grip-patteru stock, veruier, peep 

and wind-gauge sights 60.50 62.50 

No. 5 Sporting pistol-grip stock, vernier, peep and wind- 
gauge sights 64.00 66.00 

No. 6 Sporting pistol-grip, fine stock, rubber butt and tip 

checked fore-end, vernier, peep and wind-gauge 

sights 75.00 77.00 

SHORX-RANOi:. " I>ollyinoiiiit." 

40-50,^40-70 C. F., 46, 44, 38 E. F. 26 in. 28 in. 

No. Sportingstock, ordinary peep and globe sights. ..$37.00 $39.00 

No. 1 Sporting stock, improved peep and globe sights.. 42.50 44.50 

No. 2 Sporting pistol-grip-pattern stock, improved peep 

sights 50.52 52.00 

No. 3 Pistol-grip stock, improved peep and globe sights 54.00 56.50 

No. 4 Pistol-grip stock, vernier, peep and wind-gauge 

sights.. 62.64 64.00 

Snorting . . . .38, 44, 46 Eim-fire ; 40, 44, 45 and 50 Center-fire ; 26 

in., $33; 28rin., $34; 30 in., $36; 32 in 38.00 

Galleiv 22, 32, 38 Eim-fire 34.00 32.00 

38 Rim-fire, special 20.00 

Military . United States model and Spanish model 16.50 

Same, with bayonet 18.50 

Springfield model $13.00 $15.00 vrith bayonet. 

" Egyptian model 17.00 20.50 with sabre. 

Civil Guard 17.00 20.50 " 

Carbine 16.00 

Send for Illustrated Catalogue. Address 



E. Remington & Sons, 



p. 0. Box 3994. JLJ. XtCrlUlllg UUU VX UUllO, 

Armory, Ilion, N. Y. , . 283 BROADWAY, N. Y. 



Modern Observations 



RIFLE SHOOTING 



m\m\} SYSTEM OF SCOI[E BOOK. 



AND INCLUDING 



SILICATE SLjlTE FOI[ USE ON THE \k^l 



{ALL IN GREEN TINT.) 



F»rice Entire, - - - Sl.OO. 



Author and Publisher, 

^ EDW^IN A. PERRY, 



K 



A.d.ciress cetre of B. H. M:A.DIS02Sr, 

S64 FULTON STREET, 

ID H.QO IS. Xj-y3xr, 

NEW YORK. 
Copyrighted, 1877, by Edwin A. Perry. 



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PREFACE. 



In presenting the within conclusions, drawn entirely from original 
personal observations and practice, the writer has endeavored to savor 
them with a concise, conversational manner of presentment. 

However unimportant little things may appear, none are overlooked 
here. 

What has proved so perplexing with all other works on Rifle Shoot- 
ing is herein avoided ; each item having a separate heading, properly in- 
dexed, thus enabling the riflemen to turn instantly to the information 
desired. 

The young rifleman will not necessarily be encouraged to enter the 
lists when he discovers that his pathway is beset with so many obstacles. 
It is not however the fact that satisfactory results cannot be obtained by 
beginners ; and, once started, the infatuation with the science comes 
in the continued victories over these very obstacles. In all phases of 
rifle shooting it is a glorious fact that all of the ditficulties treated on 
herein do not combine as an army to obstruct the path to the bull's-eye at 
one time, but, like the legions of the Army of the Potomac in its earlier 
history, thej'^ present themselves in detail for defeat at the hands of moder- 
ate skill. 

The difladence that the author might feel in treating so arbitrarily on 
the very many points on which the best riflemen honestly differ is over- 
come by the fact that no rules exist on competent authority to be over- 
turned by the writer's treatment, and the conclusions are arrived at by 
the light that close attention and careful experiment can only give. 

First in the field, opened out by the gallant work at Creedmoor, the 
author is the more encouraged to write with a free hand. 

The system of diagrams is submitted with confidence of approval, as 
also are the pages for summary. These diagrams will prove equally 
valuable for mid-range work; as moderate sliooting, with fine rifles, 
seldom calls for the inner and outer circles. 

The Silicate Slate (green tinted for lead pencil), which must be bought 
with, and cannot be bought without, tlie book, will prove valuable for use 
on the range, and for keeping the book clean, which can be written up 
from the slate at leisure. 

It would be egotistical and unmanly for the author to submit this 
work to the rifle fraternity without thanking Thomas Lamb, Jr., for the 
readiness, patience and skill which he has placed at the author's disposal,- 
in the many experiments, necessary to a careful understanding of the sub- 
ject matter under consideration. 

Very Respectfully, 

EDWIN A. PERRY. 
1861. Veteran U. S. A. 1865. 



SHIPS iiFLE ca. 

BRIDQEPORT, CONN. 



Organized at Hartford, Conn., 
October 9, 1851. 



Removed to Bridgeport, Conn. 
February 1, 1876. 



OLD RELIABLE 

Trade Iflark. 

MANUFACTUREKS OF 

lETILLIC CllTlIBGE 

MILITARY, SPORTING, 
IB Mi L01Q IIIQE 






International Exhibition, ) 
Philadelphia, 1876. f 

Judges' Report on Sharps Breech-Loading Rifle. 

''Sirryple, Stroixg cund Grood." 
A true Copy of the Kecord. 

FRANCIS A. WALKER, 

Chief of Bureau of Awards. 



IP O K.- 

Safety, Accuracy, Simplicity S Penetration 

COMBINED WITH 

IIIICIILIB WillMIISIIP 
The Best in the World! 



Every part is carefully and thoroughly inspected, 
each barrel is severely and thoroughly tested for 
accuracy and strength, and no work that is not perfect 
is permitted to leave the armory. 

Sharp's Rifles Never Shoot Backward ! 

No premature discharges, endangering the lives 
of the shooter and bystanders. Mangled hands and 
loss of eyesight never occur through their use. 

Hammers or mallets for forcing open the breech- 
mechanism after each discharge, form no part of the 
loading apparatus of these arms. 

Only the very best material is used, and the work- 
manship of the product of Sharp' s works is unexcelled 
in any armory in the world. 

This Rifle has been in use for over twenty -five years, 
and although hundreds of thousands of them have been 
sold to Governments, hunters, sportsmen, rifle clubs 
and others, yet no instance has occurred of injury 
inflicted through any defect of system, workmanship 
or material. 

Soldiers, huntsmen and marksmen have, as their 
estimate of its excellent qualities, long given the nam(i 
of "Old Reliable" to the Sharp's Rifle, and the Com- 
pany have adopted that as their Trade Mark, which 
will appear upon all their productions. 

Send for Illustrated Price-List. 



INDEX. 



Page, 

Accident 30 

Acids 17 

Aiming 33, 25 

Allowance for Elevation and Wind 33 
Ammunition, Loading . . 30, 31 

Anger 34, 36 

Angle of Hit 33 

Anvil 16 

Association Regulations ... 45 
Attention 34, 35 

Ball Starter . ' 18 

" Seater 19 

Barometer 30 

Beginning Score 24 

Beginner 13 

Borrowing 35 

Bullets 17,19,30,36 

Cap 16,20,36 

Cap Extractor 18 

Cartridges, Loading .... 20 

Cautiousness 35 

Chambering 14 

Cleaning Rifle 21 

Shells 16 

" Rods 21 

Clothing 33 

Clouds . ... . . . 26, 37 

Coaching 35 

Cold and Heat 39 

Contesting Shots 34 

Conversation 34 

Diet 33 

Delaying Target 35 

Direction of Wind .... 29 

Elevations . . 17, 36, 39, 30, 33, &c. 

See headings that call lor changes. 

Excitement 34, 36 

Exercise 33 

Experiment 34 

Eye . . 26, 27 

" Glasses 26 

Figuring Elevations .... 33 

Firing, Errors in pull off 

Fixed Ammunition . 

Fleeting Clouds . 

Flinch .... 

Force of Wind 

Fog 

Front Position 
Funnel with Tube 

Generosity . 



Page. 



25, ; 

13, 20, 1 

. 27, 28, ; 



Getting Elevations 
Glass Spotting 
Goose Eggs . 
Heat and Cold 
Holding Plumb . 
Hygrometer . 

Keeping Score 
Kneeling . . . 

Leading (ledding) 
Light .... 
" and Shade . 
Line of Sight 
Loading Implements 
Rifle 
" Ammunition 
Locality at Firing Po 
Long-range Outfit 
Low Position 

Markers . 

Measures and Weights 

Mid-range Position 

Outfit 
Mind 
Mirage . 
Moisture 
Muzzle-Loader 



Nerves . 

Oil . . 

Offhand . 

Outfit for Beginner 
" " Mid-range 
" " Long-range 

Packing Cartridges 
Patches on Bullets 
Personal Habits . 
Plumbing Sights . 
Politeness 
Powder . 
Position . 
Protesting 
Prone Position 
Preface . 
Pull-Off . . 
Pulling the Trigger 



Quarreling 
Reasons for Failures 
Recapper 
Rifle, Care of 

" Cleaning 

" Failures on account of 



. 31 

28, 36 

27, 28, 36 

. 23 

. 18 



34, 36 
. 19 




Please mention "Pekry's Green Book," when writing to anj' of the 
parties whose advertisements attract your attention. It would be impos- 
sible to produce the book and slate for its selling price, $1.00 ; but for the 
advertisements. The autlior proposes to have the book keep pace with 
the science that called it into existence ; and improvements in future 
editions will the more readily accrue if all of its points of merit are 
appreciated. 

Criticism is especially desired. Differences of opinion will be gladly 
entertained by the author. Points not covered in this edition, which can- 
not he perfect, if simply suggested to the autlior, will receive prompt 
attention. 



Rifle, Kind 14 

Loading 20 

Muzzle Loaders ... 14 
Rods for Cleaning ... 21 

Rules and Regulations Association 45 
Running for Train . 14, 33 

Scales and Weights .... 19 

Score Diagrams 66 

Shade and Light . . .26, 27, 28, 36 
Shades on the Sights .... 16 

Shell Crimper 18 

Shells 16, 20, 36 

Shoes 33 

Shooting on "Wrong Target . . 35 

Sights 14, 36 

" Discs . . . . . • 16 

Sighting Shots 24 

" Errors in . . . 24, 28 

Silicate Slate 5 

Snapping Shots . . . . 23, 24, 25 

Spectacles 26 

Spirit Level 15, 36 

Spotting Shots . . . . .31 
Summary .... 32, 162, 163 
Sunlight 26, 27, 28 



'table of Diflferenoes in Elevation, &c. 32 
Tables of Weights and Measures . 19 

Talking 34 

Target— Shooting on Wrong . . 35 
Targets— Small with Pegs . 31 

Team Shooting . . . .39, 40, 41 

Telescope 26, 31 

Thermometer 29 

Time 36 

Title 3 

Trajectory 32 

Tube with Funnel . . . 19, 20 

Unaccountable . . ... 36 

Verdigris 16 

Vernier (see Elevations) . . .15 

Wad 18, 21 

" Rigby and Metford . . 18, 21, 22 

Walking Fast 33 

Warming Shots . . . . 24, 25 

Weather 25, 30 

Weights and Measures ... 19 
Weighing Powder and Bullet . . 20 

Wind 28, 32, 36 

Wrong Target, Shooting on 




Chicopee Falls, Miass., 

Maynard's Patent Creedmoor, 
Sporting Breech-Loading 



Vm 



Boston, Mass. 
CREEDMOOR RIFLE.— (See cut.) Weight 
just under 10 pounds. Barrel, round 32 inches. 
44-100 calibre. Oiled stock, checkered, with 

gistol grip. Vernier and wind-gauge sights. 
pirit-level and cartridge retractor. 

Appendages.— %a Cartridge Cases, 100 grs.; Cartridge Capper ; Charger; Loading-block ' 
Cap-i3icker and wrench; Rod and Brush; Rag-holder; Screw-driver; and 100 
patched and swaged Bullets— 520 grs. $75.00 

MID-RANGE RIFLE.- Weight about 9 pounds. Barrel octagonal, 9 inches at 
breech ; 32 inches long, 4-10 cal. Oiled stock, checkered, with pistol-grip. Graduated 
rear peep-sight. Adjustable rear and shaded front bead-sights, and cartridge retractor. 

Appendages.— %^ Cartridge cases, 70 grs. Moulds for con'l and cyl. bullets. Cartridge 
capper. Charger, Loader, and Loading-block, Cap-picker and Wrench, Rod and 
Brush, Rag-holder and Screw-driver. $56 00. 




OPTICIAN 

Importer and Manufacturer, 

518 BROADWAY, 

(Opposite the St. Nicholas Hotel,) 

FIELD GLASSES, 

Witli finest Leases and superior make, $20. 

TELESCOPES, 

With Acliromatic Lenses all sizes, for Eifle Shooting, at greatly 
reduced prices. 

ANEROID BAROMETERS 

For the Pocket, to measure height of hills or mountains. 



'9 

For measuring the miles in Walking. Price, Solid Silver Case, $30. 

HYeROMETERS, 

With Wet and Dry Bulb Thermometers, $5. 

SPECTACLES AND EYE GUSSES, 

In Steel, Tortoise Shell, or Silver Frames, with finest 
Brazilian Pebbles, $5 per pair. 

House Established in 1804, by Benj.Pike, Sr. 



THE BOSTON SHOOTING SUIT, 

Manufactured only by 

a- -w". si:M:3Nwfl:o3srs & soisr, 

BOSTON, MASS., 

Is now recognized as the standard outfit for sportsmen. 

EACH GARMENT DISTINCTLY MARKED. 
( "BOSTON SHOOTING SUIT," 

J Made by 

( G. W. SIMMONS & SON. 

This new design of WATERPROOF SHOOTING SUIT, made from 
extra quality waterproof duck, has attained such popularity as to he 
called for from all parts of the country, and even from England. 

" ShirininD- clothing to England strikes us very mucli like sending 
• Coals to Newcastle"' but the merits of the 'BOSTON SHOOTING 
SUITS' have beeu heard of in the OUl Country, and that land of sports- 
men has sent an order to Messes. Simmons & Son, which will doubtless be 
followed by others."— i?os/on. Paper. 

The design embraces the best points of the English and French suits. 
combined with the necessary requirements for American service. Partic- 
ular attention has been paid to color. 

Each suit is waterproofed by a new patent process. The seams and 
pocket corners are securely fastened, and nothing neglected to render 
the suit perfect in every respect. 

THE PRICE HAS BEEN FIXED AT $13, TO INCLUDE HAT OR 
DOUBLE VISORED CAP. DETACHABLE HAVELOCK, COAT, 
; VEST AND PANTALOONS. 

One hiindred suits will be kept ready in stock, so that we can furnish 
to order any size required, at a moment's notice. 

In the Golden Bule (Rev. W. H. H. Murray's paper) the enthusiastic 
editor writes : 

"We were shown, the other day, a new waterproof suit, specially 
adapted for sportsmen, designed and made up by Simmons & Son, of 
Boston, and to which we call the attention of all brethren of the out-door 
and shore-shooting fraternity, because it meets the demands of personal 
comfort and convenience beyond anything of home manufacture seen by 
us before. As a sportsman, we give it our unqualified endorsement, as 
combining the best points of the English suits, and in addition siiilfuWy 
ndapted to the necessities of the American service. It is a most admir- 
able and satisfactory contrivance in color, style, waterproof quality and 
capacity. The coat is a marvel in this latter lespect." 

PERSONS ORDERING FROM A DISTANCE NEED SEND ONLY 
THE FOLLOWING, TO BE SURE OF A PERFECT FIT : BREAST 
MEASURE, WAIST MEASURE, INSIDE SEAM COAT SLEEVE, 
INSIDE SEAM PANTALOONS, SIZE OF HEAD; MENTION HEIGHT 
AND WEIGHT. Send for Illustrated Circular. 

Gr. TV . sinviM:oi^s & soisr, 

"OAK HALL," BOSTON, MASS. 



THE ROD AND GUN, 

A I¥ I> AH ERIC A-W SPOKTSIHAW. 



A SIXTEEN-PAGE PAPER. ISSUED EVERT SATURDAY. 



SHOOTING, PISHIITG and UATUHAL HISTORY. 

AMUSEMENT, ADVENTURE, SCIENTIFIC AND 
FIELD SPORT ARTICLES, 

By Leading Sportsmen and Scientists. 
Scores of Tra-p* and. Target Sliooting. 

PRICE:— Four Dollars, Yearly. Two Dollars, Six Months. 
Send stamp for specimen copy to 

ROD A^ND GUN, 

33 Park Row, New York. 

FRANCIS H. HOLTONT 

manufacturer op 

45 aOLD STREET, 

NEW YORK CITY. 



Pine India Rubber Shades for Peep Sights, 

—and— 

HARD RUBBER CHECKERED BUTT PLATES 

On Hand and Made to Order. 



E. H. MADISON, 

PRACTICAL GUNSMITH, 

5S4 FULTON STREET, Brooklyn, N. Y. 

RIFLES— Recut, Blued or Browned ; Long Range Sights Pitted : Pistol Grips pnt'' 

on and Rifles shot at Creedmoor for aproximate elevations. '<• » 

SHOT GUNS— Stocks straightened, crooked, lengthened or shortened to fit f.he* 

shooter; pistol-grips fitted; choke bored, full, modified or taper; browned, blued, 

case hardened, and in fact made over like new. 

RIPLBMBN'S OUTFITS— Shot-gun shooters' outfits. Fishermen's outfits. 

AMMUNITION OF ALL KINDS. Goods sent everywhere throughout the 
country C. O. D. 



MODERN OBSERVATIONS ON RIFLE SHOOTIN&, 



OUTFIT FOR A BEGIXXER. 

A beginner should always start at short-range where he can acquire 
quick results, the elements offering but little opposition. Here steadiness 
and the art of holding a rifle properly can be acquired, and deviations, 
scarcely ever great enough to take the bullet off the target, can readily be 
discovered by the unassisted eye. Any military rifle, some india-rubber 
and matches to blacken the sights, a wooden rod and flannel patches for 
occasional cleaning, the requisite quantity of fixed ammunition and a 
score book, are quite enough to establish the quality of the man. 



OUTFIT FOR MID-RANGE. 

Satisfied to know more of the art, sporting rifles should next be em- 
ployed ; they involve cleaning after each sliot. Three wiping rods, one for 
brush; a bottle of water, and a little sperm oil should be added. A good 
glass for spotting the hits is necessary, and a neat box for carrying the 
apparatus will be found very handy. A general remark as to the elements 
is sufficient, and ammunition, to be had ready made, is yet quite good 
enough. Here at mid-range, the eye becomes accustomed to the fine sights 
and the position becomes confirmed. Fine shooting is often the result at 
this range. 

OUTFIT FOR long-range. 

A fine breech-loading rifle, the best made, . having pistol grip, a full 
sett of fine sights, Vernier, wind-guage, spirit-level, and extra front siglit 
discs; loading implements, viz., recapper and cap seater, ball starter 
ball seater, shell crimper, funnel with tube, and scales and weights; barom- 
eter, thermometer, hygrometer, long-range glass and stand; ammunition 
and implement case, a fine score book, one wooden rod with brush, three 
wooden rods with slit, water bottle, oil and can and brass shells, powder, 
bullets and caps ad libitum,. 



14 MODERN OBSERVATIONS ON RIFLE SHOOTING. 



RIFLES. 

It is not the author's intention to attempt a treatise on rifles, beginning 
with the one used on the arli. A few liomely suggestions, as to generalities, 
will not interfere with the rifle makers altitudinous dome of thought, and 
may prove sign posts to guide young riflemen. If muzzle-loaders could be 
cleaned after each shot, with the same case and certainty as breechloaders, 
they would prove much the best shooters, as they can stand lightning powder 
and hard bullets; and consequently very light rifling; as it is, without 
cleaning, they have, in the hands of the foreign teams, proved worthy of 
the highest consideration for accuracy, while there is little trouble in load- 
ing, none in cleaning, and no shells to cart around and pay for. 

It is conceded, however, that the breech-loaders, made for rapid shoot- 
ing, prove the best for fine work; as the rifleman is able to shoot from an 
absolutely clean barrel each time. Labor in cleaning, time in loading, ex- 
pense and all other inconveniences, are as nothing in comparison with one 
more point on a good score. In a breech-loader look for a good, thick 
barrel with a pronounced but light rifling, minus all attempts at gaining 
twist; a fine breech action not liable to accident or to be sprung by the 
powder, chambered for a short shell, pistol grip and fine sights. All of the 
foregoing refers to fine long-range or mid-range rifles. For short-range 
a breech-loader that does not require cleaning more than once in ten shots, 
of almost any make, is good enough. 

In the advertising pages each rifle of any note will probably be 
fully extolled, and in a manner more satisfactory to the owner than the 
author is capable of doing. 



CARE OF THE RIFLE. 

Most men need no caution about taking care of the rifle. Its cost, 
beauty, and its response to calls to duty, all enhance the affection with 
which a gentleman regards his rifle. A man who will put his rifle away 
dirty, or defer its cleaning to a more convenient time will never shoot 
well. One experiment will prove the author's idea and cost the price of 
a new rifle. Ten minutps will prove sufficient time to enable the rifleman 
to clean and oil the barrel, action and lock thoroughly. Two or three 
fooling shots less, after the close of a string, will give ample time to clean 
up before you have to run for the train. 



SIGHTS. 

, Open or military sights, as at present made, lack even the appear- 
ance of genius that a savage might be expected to employ in their manu- 



MODEKN OESEllVATIOiMS O:^ HIFLE SHOOTING. 15 

facture. There is no evidence, certainly in the sights, that a civilized in- 
dividual ever gave their improvement a thought. The fact that many- 
off-hand shots have been successful with them, reflects no credit upon the 
maker of the sights, but rather challenges the admiration of the world for 
their skill. 

The same intelligence that a private soldier is required to employ in 
moving the slide of the rear sight to the required elevation could be 
applied in moving the rear sight right or left as a wind guage — especially, 
if (contrary to the sighting of all military rifles now) when moved up or 
down, right or left, the sights would cause the rifle to send a bullet on its 
pi-oper course. The sight is too far from the eye and too cumbersome. 
Henry Ward Beccher once said, " Place a privilege in a man's hands and he 
will learn to enjoy it;" so the author says, place decent sights in a private 
soldier's hands and he will soon learn their use. Hov to use what we have 
is the subject for our consideration. For off-hand shooting, the lowest part 
of the middle of the back notch, the top part of the front sight and the 
white just under the bull's-eye, form a proper line of sight for a clear, still 
day. 

For mid-range shooting the prone position is exacted with a military 
rifle. Invert the sliding bar of the rear sight, which then presents a flat 
surface; determine what point of the flat surface, always toward the wind, 
will be desirable to properly align the front sight and the white just under 
the bull's-eye with it, thus making allowance for wind; the sight having 
been previously blackened with the smoke of burning rubber; draw the file 
of your knife blade over that point just the least bit; a small bright spark 
will show which enables the eye to take the finest sight. A Vernier scale 
for guaging elevations with the sliding bar should be used. Be carefiii to 
hold the rifle plumb. 

Sporting, i. e., hunting guns are ornamented (?) with all kinds of 
hybrid sights, each one of the many requiring especial study as to how it 
can best be used. 

Fine rifles, only, seem to have had proper attention in regard to sights. 

The Vernier scale seems to be the thing; though the fine screw, which 
must be perfect for perfect work, is exposed to the danger of being dam- 
aged when it might just as well be shielded between the sides of the upright. 
The fine foreign Vernier sights are so divided that they can be used on the 
handle or butt of the stock with the same elevations; the divisions for the 
butt being proportionately larger, or assimilated divisions. Wind guages 
are necessary and should be made in hundredths of inches. Always screw 
the barrel towards the wind. 

Spirit levels are as necessary as the sights, for if the rifle is not plumb 
the trajectory describes a side instead of its top curve and the bullet falls 
right or left low. 

Above all, see to it that your wind guage block is centered properly, 
that is, so that if there is no wind, the wind guage stands at zero; that it ig 
2a 



16 MODEBiT OBSEtlVATIOlSrS Oif BIFLE SHOOTING. 

plumb ; that the Vernier is plumb; and that when they are plumb with 
each other and the rifle\ that the spirit level is plumb with all. Front sight 
discs are made in great variety of patterns. Open bead supported by one, 
two, three, and four prongs; open bead and bar; split bar or Goodwin bar; 
callaper, fine, medium, and coarse; pin-head; and many others varying 
with the imagination and fancy of man. The open bead is more generally 
used by the Americans than any other. The bar-bead and callaper are 
used to advantage by some of our best riflemen. 

The Australians use the pin-head, triple callaper and bar-bead. The 
Scotchmen use the Goodwin bar and pin-head, and the Irishmen mostly 
the Goodwin bar. The author recommends the pin-head for off-hand 
Avork and the open-bead for fine work; the latter sight can be varied in size 
of aperture and thickness of metal surrounding the aperture. The bar- 
bead covers the lower portion of the target. That sight which gives the 
eye an opportuity to see the bulls-eye plainly in position, and at the same 
time to casually observe the balance of the target, is in the author's opinion 
the best. Do not use a sight that compels the eye to be a judge of quantity 
of white allowed above, below or on either side of the bull's-eye, as you 
will be interfering with the uses for which the Vernier and wind-guage are 
especially employed. 



SHADES ON THE SIGHTS. 

It is allowable and fair to have shades over your sights on fine rifles. 
By all means procure them and have them nice. The spirit-level above 
all should be shaded, as the eye can then see it to much better advantage. 
Shades are not necessary when the sky is, and is likely to remain, over- 
cast. 



SHELLS. 

Brass shells are the best under all circumstances. Steel shells have 
been tried fairly and condemned on account of cost, liability to split if 
they do not fit the chamber accurately, etc. Short shells, holding the 
powder, with one-eight of an inch to spare for seating the ball, are the 
best. 

Not enough care is bestowed on cleaning shells. A residuum sweats 
the shell and dampens the new charge. Verdigris, in any portion of the 
shell, kills the gas of the burning powder and causes the bullet to droj? 
low. Especially is verdigris in the cap holes fatal to good shooting. 
Warm water, a good brush and manual labor, backed up with plenty of 
ambition, will clean shells; then dry thoroughly in an oven, and finally 
wipe them well inside and out with a dry cloth. 

See that the cap holes are free, that the anvil (if so objectionable a 



MODEUT^ OBSERVATIONS Olf Rtt'tE SHOOTllfO. 17 

thing is used) is in its place, and then seat the cap liome below the level of 
the shell-head. All acids should be avoided. 



POWDER. 

Muzzle-loaders, with no breech action to be strained, needing clean 
powder, using hard bullets, burn lightning powder to advantage. 

Breech-loaders, that can be cleaned after each shot, burn slow powder 
to the best advantage ; the powder, acting with gradual accelerating 
force, does not strain the action. 

For muzzle-loaders, Curtis's«& Harvey's No. 6 is generally adopted, 
and for breech-loaders, Hazard, ¥G is almost unamimously used. 90 
grains C. «& H., No. 6, are about equal to 105 grains F6. The initial 
velocity and consequent back action, at the instant of ignition, being 
greater— in fact too great for the action of the rifle. Laflin & Rand, No. 7 
is about equivalent to G. & H. No. 6. At 1,000 yards, 90 grains of L. & 
R, Creedmoor, No. 1, Tequires 3 points less elevation than 96 grains of 
Hazard, FG. 

It is natural to suppose that the science, being employed by the 
several powder companies, will, ere long, be productive of different 
brands that may take the place of the powder now used. Many rifle- 
men are giving the L. & R., Creedmoor, No. 1, ample experiment, thus 
far without sufficient satisfaction to warrant its substitution for Hazard, 
FG. The FG is the cheapest, a great desideratum. 

Keep your powder dry, always, the moment it gets damp it loses 
strength and evenness of quality, no matter how dry it may become subse- 
quently. The thousand and one ways in which powder will gather mois- 
ture need not become a matter of experiment — simply and absolutely dry 
it must be kept. 

The capacity of rifles to burn powder is widely different, some rifles 
reducing elevations until 110 grains have been used, while others do not 
change elevations for any amount over 95 grains. Find the capacity of 
the rifle and then use two or three grains more. In putting the powder in 
the shell, a tube from six to thirty inches long should be used through 
which to pour the powder; falling this distance it packs in the shell evenly; 
105 grains can be put into a medium shell easily. A short shell with 100 
grains are recommended for general use. 

As long as the rifle will burn the powder 1 point for 1 grain should be 
allowed in elevation at 800, 900, and 1,000 yards. 



BULLETS. 

There is no doubt that every rifleman desires some improvement in 
bullets for breech loaders. With slow powder, hard bullets do not always 



18 MODERN OBSEEVATIONS ON EIFLE SHOOTING. 

upset; i. e. take the grooves evenly. Soft bullets lead (led) more freely 
than hard ones; and, while all of them may go on the target, they do not 
average as close in to the center as hard ones. Hard bullets, while 
measuring better on the target, are liable at times to miss entirely. Nearly 
every make of rifle has its special bullet, and so to recommend any would 
be an unthankful task. A difference of 10 grains in the weight of bullets 
calls for 1 point more or less elevation; this fact is a sufficient suggestion 
as to the importance of weighing bullets as well as powder. 

There seems to be a constant desire existing, on the part of riflemen, to 
patch bullets better than they are patched at the factory. While there 
may be some little carelessness in properly performing this work, conse- 
quent on the ever absent sympathy between workman, or rather work- 
woman, and rifleman; and heiglitened by conversation, lunch-hour, late 
evening parties, etc, there is present, a Tidbit of doing this special work, 
that is to greater advantage than the rifleman's personal interest and close 
attention. To supplant the paper used is another opportunity for experi- 
ment. It is not the author's desire to curtail such innocent amusement, 
but every rifle-maker in the country is doing his best to better the present 
patching and far more scientifically than shooters can do it. 

In loading shells, care should be taken that the bullet fits the mouth 
of the shell, not too tight not too loose, that the bullet is seated just so far 
as another bullet, no farther. It is not strictly necessary that the bullet 
touch the powder — still too great a vacuum should be avoided. 

One eighth of an inch is recommended as far enough to seat the ball. 
Use the ball-seater only to straighten the bullet in the shell. 



WADS. 

For muzzle-loaders the Rigby and Metf ord wads are the best and only 
thing that should be used. 

For breech-loaders no wads whatever should be used. The bullet 
should be seated directly on the powder. 



LOADING IMPLEMENTS. 

The loading implements, mentioned in outfit for long-range, need 
but little attention here. Invention, common to our country, has given us 
thebesl. The instrument for extracting the cap and replacing it with a 
new one is perfect. 

A shell crimper can be made by any machinist. A piece of steel one 
inch thick with a round hole of less calibre at one end than at the other is 
good enough; the difference in calibre should not be too great. 

A ball starter should be a piece of steel capable of just fitting in the 



MODERN OBSERVATIONS ON RIFLE SHOOTING. 19 

hole of the shell crimper, for spreading open the mouth of the shell, with 
a convenient handle. 

A ball seater is a piece of steel containing an exact duplicate of the 
chamber of the rifle and a portion of the barrel, with a plug sufficiently 
distant from the chamber, so that when the cartridge is made it can be in- 
serted in this false rifle, seating the ball in the shell and straightening it. 
It is claimed that ball seaters are now made to pei-fection. 

The funnel with tube can be improvised out of a tin whistle if neces- 
sary, care being taken to have the end of the tube crimped in or out, so 
that it will fit the mouth of the shell perfectly without entering it. The 
tube may be six or thii'ty inches long to suit requirements; the longer the 
tube the closer the powder will pack. 

Scales and weights can be bought anywhere, but the author recom- 
mends the use of a fine article. 

Mr. J. P. Waters, Assayer, No. 12 John St., K Y. City, who is deeply 
interested in the art of rifle-shooting, and who is extremely courteous, has 
given the author permission to refer riflemen desiring something nice in 
this line to him; he will have scales and weights made to order for you 
and without charge for his services. 

TABLES FOR WEIGHTS AST) MEASURES. 
AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 

Drachms. 

16= loz. 
236= 16= lib. 
7168= 448= 28= 1 quarter. 
28672= 1792= 112= 4 " = 1 cwt. 
573440 = 3-)840 = 2^40 = 80 " = £0 " =1 ton. 
144 lbs. Avoirdupois = 17-5 lbs. Troy. 
1 drachm " =27^ffrs. " or Apothecaries weight. 

TROY WEIGHT. 

24 = 1 dwt. 
480= 20 " = loz. 
5760 = 240 " =13 '• lib. 
Grains- 

APOTHECARIES WEIGHT. 

Grains. 

20= 1 scruple. 
60= 3 " = 1 drachm. 
480= 24 " =8 " =1 oz. 
5760 = 2?8 " =96 " =12" lib. 
The pound, ounce and grain are the same in Apothecaries and Troy Weight. 
In the former, the ounce is divided into 8 drachms, the drachm into 3scruples, and 
the scruple in 20 grains. 

7,000 grains, Troy, = 1 lb. Avoirdupois. 
437^ " " =loz. 

The above table will be found very useful in weighing out powder and bullets 
to load and reload cartridges. 

1 lb. of Powder will fill 100 .50 calibre, 70 grain Cartridges. 

1 " " .. f,Q44 4. ;7 .. 

1 •' " » 77 44 " 90 " 

1 " " " 73 44 " 95 " 

1 " " " 70 44 " 100 '• 

1 " " '' 66 44 " 105 " 
Bullets for 50-70 cartridges, weigh 17^^ to the pound. 

'• 44-77 " " 16H " " 

" 44-90 " " 12 8-11 " 



^0 MODEHN OBSfitlVATiOifS ON UIFLE SHOOl^iti^a. 



LOADING AMMUNITION. 

Fixed amratmition should have as much care in its preparation as any 
other detail necessary to good shooting. 

Shells should be used hut twice in the majority of breech-loaders; 
there are rifles, however, that will admit of the use of shells many times. 

The shells must be absolutely clean. 

The shells should be crimped or expanded at the mouth so that the 
bullets will fit uniformly. 

The mouth of the shell should be smooth, so as not to cut the paper on 
the bullet. 

Where the head of the shell swells or springs when fired for the first 
time, before recapping, put it in the ball-seater and, placing a piece of 
wood over it, to guide and receive the blow, strike it until the head of the 
shell is sufficiently flattened. 

The cap should be seated deep; first, to make sure that it will explode; 
second, to have it below the head of the shell to avoid accident . 

A scratch mark should be made on the shell to enable the shooter to 
insert it in the rifle the same every time, the scratch mark being on top. 
The shell will the better fit the chamber when subsequently used. 

The powder should be weighed accurately, one charge riglit after the 
other, and carefully poured into the shell through a tube, with nothing to 
employ the mind until all the charges are weighed. 

Weigh the bullets carefully, assorting them so that enough will be 
found of one weight for a day's work or at least for one range. With a 
lead pencil mark how far they are to be inserted in the shell. Insert them 
carefully with the fingers, the better to be assured that the paper is not torn 
or ruffled up; then, with the ball-seater, straighten them. 

Carefully pack them in little boxes, that will contain 5 or 6 each, with 
paper or clotli to avoid shaking in transportation. 

Never have two or more kinds of ammunition in your box so that you 
can possibly mistake one for the other during a score. 



LOADING THE RIFLE. 

The rules of all well-regulated ranges are explicit in their injunctions 
as to putting the cartridge in the rifle. NEVER load a breech-loader 
except at the firing point, and then keep the muzzle towards the target. 
No possible amount of regret could ever repair the damage if by chance 
your rifle should ever once cause an accident. Many riflemen, on finding 
a cartridge fit tightly, seek a stump, and, grasping the hammer with their 
fingers, strike the breech block on the stump driving the cartridge into the 
chamber. The firing pin is in the center of the breech block; should it 
get caught and hit the cap, or should the cap be flush with the head of the 



MODERN OSsEHVATlOlirS OK RtFLE SItOOTIKa. 21 

shell and the breech block set it off, disaster must ensue, for there is no 
support for the breech block, which cannot be locked till it is closed. 
This is true of more than one kind of rifle. 

The muzzle-loader requires to have the powder weighed or measured 
carefully; the best method is probably to weigh the charges and put them 
in little glass phials — the bullets are specially prepared and do not vary 
much in weight. Oiled wads, which are intended to clean and lubricate 
the barrel, are manufactured expressly for muzzle-loaders. Press the 
bullet home carefully and, if conscious that the paper is disturbed in press- 
ing it down, discharge the piece in the dirt and reload. A mark on the rod 
will indicate when the ball is home. 



CLEANING. 

To describe the diversity of methods used in cleaning would be a task 
without equitable results. 

First — Water should be used freely on a brush to rinse out the residuum 
of the powder. The brush should have a wooden rod to be used for 
nothing else. 

Second — Dry flannel or Canton flannel rags should then be used with 
a slit rod so that the rags pass through and out and return, thus wiping 
the muzzle and avoiding the return of a bare rod, as in the case of a rod 
with a button. Continue wiping; till the barrel is clean. 

Third — A flannel rag saturated with oil should be used in another slit 
rod, same as dry rag, until the barrel is well oiled. 

Fourth — A fresh, clean rag in another slit rod should be used to wipe 
out the oil. Habit will soon control this last wiping so that the barrel will 
be left uniformly clean. 

A rifle will not lead (led) when cleaned as above. 

A rifle will lead at times when not cleaned as above. 

Four rods are necessary, and no more cumbersome than one. 

Be careful that there is no metal on any rod in such a position as to 
scratch the barrel. 

Lance wood rods, while more costly at first, last longer, have greater 
strength for less thickness and are nicer in every way than any other. 

Don't let any one inveigle you into the lazy habit of " a rub and ago," 
You might just as well shoot out of a muzzle-loader and thereby save 
; much more trouble. Men who are too lazy to clean out their rifles, thor- 
I ougldy, will draw a picture of their laziness on the target, if perchance the 
j bullets all get there. Too much oil or water in the barrel is only a differ- 
ent kind of dirt. 

I OIL. 

Never use sweet or olive oil. Never use kerosene oil. Sperm oil and 



22 MOIXERN OBSERVATIOjN^S OlS'^ RIFLE SHOOTING. 

sewing-machine oil arc the best. The latter can easily be procured at any 
sporting emporium. 

Rigby and Metford wiids used in loading are also full of oil for lubri- 
caling these famous muzzle-loaders. Some riflemen use them to lubricate 
breecii-loade:s. They are not intended for, and do not subserve the pur- 
pose as well as oiled rags. 



POSITION. 

In endeavoring to favor certain positions the writer is not unaware of 
the difference in the formation of men. What will suit one cannot suit 
another. The author is free, however, to state what positions should be 
avoided. Do not put the hatt in the left arm 'pit, the shock will affect the 
heart. Do not recline the head on the stock in such a way that the recoil 
or bound will jar the head — injury to the head and poor shooting at the 
last range will be certain. Do not hold the butt plate in the hand on the 
side from which the shot is tired, the arm being twisted in an unnatural 
shape will soon tire out and cause unsteadiness, and the recoil often times 
gets the better of the hand, causing the sights to strike the eye. Lastly, 
do not waste any time experimenting witli a fine rifle in the prone or front 
position. It is safe to aver that the next International match will find all 
of America's opponents on their backs. The "Farquharson" position, com- 
monly known as Fulton's position, is made up by bending the right knee 
about the left ankle, thus forming a crotch to support the barrel, the stock, 
passing by the head over the right shoulder, is seized at the butt plate by 
the left hand, the head resting on the left fore arm, the right hand at the 
trigger. This position is varied by grasping the thick of the barrel with 
the left hand and resting the head on the stock, the recoil or rather bound 
is too severe for the head, and the hand does not always hold the recoil 
with the same degree of firmness. This latter position is still further 
varied by turning the body well over on the right side, the barrel resting 
on the left thigh. The objections remain the same. Tlie position adopted 
by the Australian Team, said to have been first used by Fraser of the 
Scottish Team, is somewhat varied by different marksmen, and is the 
strongest position. The legs disposed as in the Fulton position, the butt 
of the piece resting in the right arm pit, the left hand supporting the head, 
riiiht hand at the trigger. General Dakin varies this by putting the left 
hand behind the butt plate in the arm pit, the hand serving as a cushion 
to check the recoil. Allen uses the left hand at the swell of the barrel, 
pulling the butt into the right arm pit to reduce the chance for recoil. 
With these latter positions, the Vernier sight can be placed on the heel of 
the butt lengthening the leverage of sight. The Milner position is strong, 
with the exception that it is a very low one, the toe of the butt must al- 
mobt touch the ground (see Mirage). The knees bent to the left allow the 



Modern observations on Hifle shooting. 23 

barrel to rest on the toes of both feet, the butt well in the arm pit, the left 
hand on the stock to plumb the piece, the right hand at the trigger. 

Do not change locality at which you lie down during a score; ten feet 
nearer to or further from the target will change elevation one half point 
or more. 



off-hand and mid-range with open sights. 

The following rules, written some time since by the author, and styled 
A, B, C's, are simple, terse and seem to cover the ground thoroughly : 

RULES. 

Stand erect on both hips, feet at right angles conveniently apart and 
firmly planted. 

Press the butt against the shoulder with both hands, the left hand 
grasping the piece firmly at or in front of the lower band. The left elbow 
under the piece, the right at the hight of the shoulder. 

Do not put the elbow against the body, as such a position is fatal to 
good shooting. If it were possible to so conform the body that the left 
elbow could rest on the hip and not touch the body, the position of one of 
the best off -shoulder shots we have would thus be attained, and prove the 
only exception to the rule. 

The lower part of the middle of the back notch, the top part of the 
front sight and the white just under the bull's-eye, forms a proper line of 
sight for a clear, still day. 

If the wind blows across the range aim a little toward the direction 
the wind comes from. 

Stop breathing when about to fire. 

Pull oflf with the second joint of the second finger, pull slowly till the 
piece fires; a jerk will spoil the shot and oftentimes pull clear off the 
target. If the shot goes off the target to the right aim to the left of the 
bull's-eye to counteract the error. It would be better to amend the error 
of pulling off which alone causes the diflSculty. Keep the eye open and 
observe the aim until after the shot is fired, a flinch or fear of the ex- 
plosion will enhance the kick of the piece and demoralize the nerves. 
Practice in aiming and pulling off without cartridges should always be had 
at the firing point before firing. The sights should be so arranged, tem- 
porarily for this practice, that after pulling off, the aim can still be main- 
tained ; any deviation on account of firing can thus be noticed. 

The author has no kind words for tlie kneeling position. With breech- 
loaders, troops should be allowed to lie down, even at 200 yards. A man 
is better self-possessed, more sure of his aim, more safe and better under 
control when lying down. A man standing, with the enemy close in front 
is so preoccupied in loading and firing that his legs often get the better of 
his judgement and courage; causing him to run into unecessary danger (?) 



24 MODERN OBSEilVA'riOTfS ON MfLE SHOOTINGS. 

The front position is demanded in military shooting. The author thinks 
this demand erroneous. Wlien tlie enemy is retreating, a fixed rest and 
ceitain aim, even at the cost of an instant of time, is better than support- 
ing the body as well as the rifle on the arms. When it comes time for re- 
treat the rifleman can turn over from his back and run twice as quick as 
he can gather himself from the prone position. "When he turns over from 
the back position, his face is in the direction whither he desires to amble. 
The prone position should be thoroughly studied. Short-armed men may 
not he able to take the position recommended by the author, but they 
should approach as near to it as possible. 

If the target is at the north, face the north-east and lie down in that 
direction; strike the toes well into the ground, and settle the body down 
as low as possible; throw the left elbow over to the right, grasp the piece 
with the left hand from underneath, the fingers reaching as far around as 
possible; back of the hand to the right. As the muzzle of the piece is 
carried over to the left, to its proper alignment, it puts every muscle of 
the left arm on tension, and consequently there is no joint to wriggle or 
shake. The butt should be placed against the right shoulder, passing 
along and by the collar bone. The right arm is free to manipulate the 
piece. 

To make a crotch of the two forearms, and put the piece against the 
collar bone, is to have the bases of that crotch on the uncertain cartilage 
of the elbows and the butt where it can hurt you most. In the position 
recommended, the left elbow is not under the piece but to the right of it. 
Long-armed men will grasp the piece at or near the sight rack ; short- 
armed men near the breech. 

The pull off here should be very slow and perfect. In no case should 
the piece be spasmodically set off, as if catching the target on the wing. 
Be sure to hold the piece plumb; it is easy to make a sufficient error, when 
not doing so, to throw the shot off of the target altogether. 

SIGHTING AND WARMING SHOTS. 

" Sighting shots" is a term generally employed to designate actual 
shots, allowed previous to the beginning of the score, for the purpose of 
securing elevations and windage. In long-range shooting these are being 
discarded so as to determine relative science in judging elements on the 
first shot. Never take sighting or trial shots on practice days; begin your 
score on your judgement and if the result is a miss, take it, and do better 
next time. This discipline is of incalculable value. Sighting shots, as the 
author would consider them, might be called snapping shots. Without a 
cartridge, to take position at the firing point and go through the motions 
of aiming and firing, determines the degree of steadiness and accustoms 
the eye to the sight. Many of our best shots do this, without ever giving 
themselves a reason why. 



Modern observations on uieie shooting. 2B 

Warming shots are blank or ball cartridges exploded in the gun to 
warm it to an even heat before beginning a score. A difference in ele- 
vation, in the first three or four shots, is found by nearly all marksmen, 
which is accounted for by the difference in the heat of the gun. 

Snapping shots are equally as valuable as warming shots. Three 
blanks fired in position, aiming at the target, accustoms the eye to its 
work, and one ball cartridge then blown off will prepare the rifle for use. 
The writer holds that this precaution will obviate any change in the first 
shots that might not be required in the last. 

Snapping shots should be taken at home. A few leisure moments 
spent in this way strengthens and confirms the position and vision. 



AIMING. 

Off-hand shooting which generally results best with open sights, often 
calls for the shooter to aim away from the bull's-eye. Being so near to 
the target, this is not so hazardous as at longer ranges where a man judges 
one foot, at its full measurement, on a target that is reduced in size by 
distance. Always have the open sights suflficiently elevated so that in aim- 
ing away from the bull's-eye it is not hidden from the view. It is always 
best with fine sights to make the changes on the gauges and aim dead on. 
If however, a rifleman insists in aiming so as to allow for any change that 
may take place in wind or light or shade while he is in the act of aiming^, 
if using an open bead the bull's-eye appears in the middle and a white 
circle around it, covering the white on either side or top or bottom is 
equivalent to one point of wind or elevation. It is therefore obvious how 
much care should be used in holding the bull's-eye in the center of the 
open bead, with an equal showing of white around it. 



FIRING OR PULLING THE TRIGGER. 

When about to fire, inflate the lungs moderately and then hold your 
breath till the bullet is gone. The pressure of the finger on the trigger 
should be very slow and steady so that when the hammer trips the steadi- 
ness of the rifle is not disturbed. 



WEATHER. 

All other things being equal, a cloudy, moist, warm day gives lowest 
elevation; and a hot, bright day, or a very cold, bright day, highest eleva- 
tion. In the first instance there is no mirage, the eye is comfortable and 
lubrication is freer, i.e., the residuum of powder in the barrel is soft; on the 
hot day the eye is strained, mirage constant, and the powder cakes in the 



26 MODERN OBSERVATIONS ON RIFLE SHOOTING. 

barrel causing friction and often causing the barrel to lead (led) from the 
bullet. These general rules are more or less modified by wind direction, 
season of the year and condition of the ground, if wet or dry. At times 
fog settles like a wet blanket, often totally obscuring the target. Plenty 
of time in sighting will give less variable results than raising or lowering 
elevations, as the fog is more or less dense. 



MIRAGE. 

Careless observers, even, have noticed that heat rising from a stove 
causes the atmosphere to dance, and distorts images behind it; so casual 
observers notice on a sunny day that between them and the targets there 
is a dancing of the atmosphere. A powerful telescope becomes almost 
worthless from the fact that this dancing appears to assume the consistency 
of a river running by. This is what some of the Irish Team of 1874 called 
" Gin and sugar," but is what we call mirage. To penetrate this consistency 
of the atmosphere, according to science, with set rules, has not as yet been 
attempted, although no one will be found unwilling to acknowledge its 
importance. A cock of hay in front of the bull's-eye will send up enough 
mirage to join it to the bull's-eye, making it impossible to take sight. A 
cloud covering the range will entirely disperse the mirage, so we must 
admit that the sun's rays are necessary to produce mirage; as the heat 
rising from a cock of hay does not stop rising on account of a cloud, but 
because there are no sun's rays to refract, we are unable to see the heat 
and it no longer serves as an obstacle. After securing elevation, mirage 
indicates its intensity or diminution best through a fine telescope. Set the 
glass on four legs, put together on the principle of a saw horse. Set the 
cross hairs so as to cut the exact center of the bull's-eye. The bull's-eye 
will appear to lower as the mirage increases, and rise as it diminishes. If 
the bull's-eye lowers so that the cross hairs cut the top, four minutes more 
elevation are required ; that is to say, each 4^ inches (actual) of the bull's-eye 
above or betow the cross hairs, indicates one minute less or more of elevation. 
In other words, each^ of the bull's eye, as cut by the cross hairs, equals 
one point of elevation. Mirage disappears when a cloud covers the firing 
point and 300 yards toward the target. Should the sun shine on this 
portion and shade cover the entire balance of the range, including the 
target, the mirage is not interfered with. Should the first instance occur, 
with bright target, less elevation is needed. Should the second instance 
occur more elevation is needed. Should the entire range be shaded by a 
dark cloud the absence of mirage equalizes the datk'ncss as to elevation; 
plenty of time being taken in sighting. Bright sunlight succeeding re- 
auires much less elevation, for the time, mirage coming on again re- 
quires ia, slight creeping up in elevation. The lower the line of sight the 
more dense the mirage. The rifle can be sighted much better at the 



MODEEN OBSERVATIONS ON KIELE SHOOTING. 27 

height of the shoulder than on the ground. The writer holds that all low 
positions fail perceptibly on days when the mirage is dense enough to be 
an obstacle at all. 



EYE. 

In no treatise on rifle practice, as yet known, has the eye received 
the least consideration. In making so extended a paragraph the author de- 
sires to develop criticism and thereby develop experiment on this very 
essential feature. It is a fact, that in warm weather, grey and blue eyes 
make better shooting than dark eyes. In pronounced cold weather the 
difference is not as marked, still very few dark eyed men have achieved 
success as marksmen. All of the members of the American teams have 
been light-eyed men. 

Shooting from the same position a dark hazel eye requires 1| minutes 
less elevation at 1,000, yards than a blue or grey eye. It it safe to assert 
that no marksman has yet been known with a black eye — (unless we ex- 
cept a few temporary ones belonging to riflemen whose peculiar positions 
have caused them — of one of these positions, one of the Scottish team re- 
marked, that "he looks like a crab on a skewer.") There must be a 
reason for all this, and it is a natural as well as a philosophical conclu- 
sion that the less dense the iris the less the variation of the pupil. On this 
principle, also, are we to to account for variation in elevation consequent 
on light and shade. We have only to recall the fact that the pupil of the 
eye, opens and closes to a greater or lees extent to accustom itself to eacli 
new object to give force to ihe idea that each shot should have a uniform 
time given to its sighting; and that the eye should traverse the same ob- 
jects, as nearly as possible, between shots, to retain for it an equal power 
of vision. An exaggerated example may draw attention to this topic 
more forcibly, viz. : no one can look at grass for some time and then sud- 
denly look at the sun and endure the light any more than he can, after 
becoming accustomed to the intense sunlight, turn to mundane objects aud 
see them clearly at once. On a very bright day it is not unnatural for a 
marksman when awaiting his turn, to look at the very bright target, while 
before the very next shot he might find himself looking at the ground, or 
at his score book, or at a brother marksman. Such opposites must be 
avoided. The author claims as part proof of the above that elevations are 
not as bothersome on cloudy days as on bright days. Perhaps the best 
way to control the whole matter is for the rifleman to observe a certain in- 
terval, after he has properly obtained sight and before he puUsthe trigger, i 
to allow the eye to become fully assured of its observation. In this way, 
better than any other, can the marksman lessen the influence of fleeting 
clouds. It is a fact, though disputed by some, that, on a bright warm 
day, a heavy cloud covering the range calls for more elevation, unless the 
eye is given ample time to penetrate the darker atmosphere; and th^ 
U 



36 MODEEN OBSERVATIONS 01^ MFLE SHOOTIITd. 

change is more marked, when the cloud, after obscuring the range for a 
few minutes, passes away and renews the bright light. The writer holds 
that then every rifleman must lower elevation. 

It often occurs, on days when fleeting clouds are the rule, that as the 
marksman has found his aim and is about to pull off, the ])ull's-eye leaves 
the sight, notwithstanding the fact that he is, and that he knows he is, 
holding perfect. Beware of following this Ignus Fatui too quickly; for, 
while the eyes see differently, the target has not moved. Shutting one eye 
is getting out of date as it develops one eye to the exclusion of the other, 
and causes nervous twitching, especially in hot weather. A leather screen 
or other contrivance will shut off its vision, so the eye not in use can re- 
main open. 

The use of eye glasses should be avoided. Spectacles are but little 
better; while the snobbish single eye glass is not only in very bad taste 
but fatal to decent shooting. Colored glasses, that simply shield the eye 
from bright light, counteract their usefulness by a percentage of loss equal 
to if not greater than the gain. 

There is probably no' influence of greater benefit to short sightedness 
than long-range shooting. 



LIGHT. 

In order to a proper understanding of the influence of light on rifle 
shooting, the reader will have to give close attention to the articles on Eye 
and Mirage. Some hints are necessary on the general topic. Could a 
rifleman select the peculiar light best adapted to his success and comfort 
he would choose a dull gray light natural to a completely clouded, but not 
threatening sky. A very bright light tires the eye and produces mirage. 
That light which permits the full power of a fine telescope is the best and 
most regular. Rain-light is preferable to sunlight. Sunlight calls for al- 
most constant and sometimes radical changes in elevation. An entire 
score may be fired without changing elevation in the absence of sunlight. 

In figuring up the elevation at which to begin a score light should be 
given a prominent consideration. 



WIND. 

All publications extant make an enormous bug-bear of wind, and the 
young rifleman has thus far left that, if he did not screw his wind gauge 
out of all correspondence with his previous shot, he would certainly miss 
the target, and make himself a target for the jests of his companions.. 
The distance covered by the ball makes the opportunity for wind curv 
rents to equalize their force. What may appear to be stronger at 300 
yards distance, is balanced by less force at 500 yards; so, before learning 



any other rule, learn this: Be slow to alteb tour wind gauge. 

Wind — ^Direction is marked by the clock dial, the shooter standing at 
6 o'clock, the target at 12 o'clock. A 3 o'clock wind is blowing from the 
right, a 7:30 o'clock wind from the left rear, and so on. 

Wind — Force is kept by the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, marking a gentle, 
moderate, fresh, strong breeze, a half gale, and gale. The wind gauge is 
kept 5 L or 5 R as the barrel is moved toward the left or right. The 
number of points of wind desirable can only be estimated after finding the 
direction and force; for, if the wind be blowing agalefrom 12 or 6 o'clock, 
no windage is needed (except to cover the drift, which is enhanced by a 
rear wind); while a 3 o'clock gale might require 15 points of windage. A 
wind that holds from 8 to 10 o'clock; or 2 to 4 o'clock, offers less oppor- 
tunity for skill than one from 10 to 2 or 4 to 8 o'clock. These latter are 
called " fish tail," and are troublesome on account of changes in eleva- 
tion. A front wind, say force D, requires about 4 points more elevation 
than a rear wind. A strong side wind causes the ball to describe a side as 
well as top trajectory and needs more elevation, but not so much as to be 
troublesome. Five points more of side wind needs one point more of ele- 
vation. 

The best way to study wind is to get a happy medium, and shoot 
away, pretty lively, without changing anything, making careful and 
honest notations of your best judgement before shooting, as to force; and 
after shooting, as to position of hit on the target. Errors can thus be ac- 
curately corrected. Above all, when aiming, be careful not to let the 
wind blow up without noticing it, and, the first thing after shooting ob- 
serve the wind — the wind in which you shot. 



THERMOMETER. 

This instrument is probably more valuable in indicating the condition 
of the metals, as influenced by heat and cold, with a view to keeping track 
of friction than for any other purpose. Rules that will apply in warm 
weather work to the contrary in cold weather. In Summer, with the heat 
at say 90°, the ground is dry and unable to give the air its proper absorp- 
tion of moisture, one 40th of its weight ; the metals are more nearly assim- 
ilated and friction greater; and the metals, responding to the grateful ap- 
proa,ch of cool clouds, relax as does the human body. 

A dropping of the thermometer 5° should be an indication for 1 min- 
ute less in elevation. In Winter, with a bleak cold atmosphere, the ther- 
mometer down to 40°, the atmosphere is incapable of holding more than 
one 140tli of its weight of moisture; an increase of temperature seems to 
act on the metal as on flie body creating a genial feeling, and, directly 
opposite to its effects in Summer, indicates less elevation. Do not con- 
demn this rule on account of the contrary actions of mirage. To name 
dates when it would be safe to arbitrate by rule is, in our very changeable 



30 MODERN" OBSERVATIONS ON EIFLE SHOOTING. 

climate, hazardous. Let the rifleman be influenced by the hygrometer or 
his bodily comfort, diminishing elevations as the temperature changes 
from uncomfortable heat to cooler and from uncomfortable cold to warmer 
and vice versa. In Summer time, as evening approaches and the ther- 
mometer begins to fall and the air and moisture equalize, let elevation go 
down correspondingly. In the Fall and early Spring, evening comes on 
more rapidly and, the light growing darker and the air colder and less 
moist, calls for more elevation. 



HYGROMETER. 

The hygrometer determines the amount of moisture actually in the 
air. The thermometer will perform the same duty if a sufficient amount 
of moisture is present to be absorbed or deposited in such proportion as 
the heat is greater or less. Plenty of moisture in the ground is all that is 
necessary to secure, by known laws and a thermometer, the information 
given by the hygrometer. Tn Summer when the ground is very dry, or in 
Winter when a cold brisk wind is blowing, the hygrometer is necessary to 
adequately arrive at the amount of moisture in the air. This instrument 
is necessary therefore, in connection with the thermometer, in accurately 
determining how much allowance should be made for friction. "While 
these rules are perfectly essential for rifles that are not cleaned, between 
shots, they lose much of their force; when applied to rifles that are cleaned 
properly, (see cleaning rifles), nearly all influence of friction being thus 
removed. 

At 33° F. the air should contain one 160th of its own weight of mois- 
ture for every additional 37° F., the capacity of the atmosphere to contain 
moisture doubles. 

In the score diagrams, thermometer and hygrometer are used as 
separate terms, for the reason that the thermometer needs to be consulted 
by itself. Hygrometer consists of a thermometer proper and a thermome- 
ter with a wet cloth on the bulb, known as the dry and wet bulb ther- 
mometers. The wet bulb always registers lower than the dry one, so to 
record the dry bulb as a thermometer and the Avet bulb as the hygrometer, 
makes " two bites of one cherry," and serves all purposes. 

A close remark of the weather and moisture of the ground will relieve 
the shooter from the necessity of having a hygrometer, especially if he uses 
a breech-loader and cleans it property. 



BAROMETER. 

Nearly every marksman acknowledges to a fluctuation in elevations 
corresponding to the rise and fall of the barometer, still, few give it a 
prominent place in influencing their judgement, A careful study has 



MODERN OBSERVATIONS ON RIFLE SHOOTING. 31 

given the writer the opinion that, whenever elevations change from un- 
known causes, the sequel, instead of the warning, is found in this instru- 
ment. 

Nothing, but heavy clouds and bright sunlight alternated, ever produces 
a radical change in elevation that does not thoroughly indicate itself in 
the barometer; and, if a shot held steadily gains or loses slightly in ele- 
vation, instant recourse should be had to the barometer for the solution; 
carefully following its fluctuations the shooter need have no further 
trouble from that quarter. 



SPOTTING THE SHOTS WITH A GLASS. 

No long-range rifleman should be without a good glass. Great power 
is not as essential as clearness. Many small glasses are clearer and less 
affected by mirage than larger ones. To locale a shot by the unassisted 
eye and the marker's disc is too vague ; a glass must be used and the exact 
spot hit should not only be noted, but accurately noted on the score book. 
Many marksmen, more egotistical than wise, favor their record by mark- 
ing their shots nearer the center of the target than they actually hit. 
Dont ever fall into so great an error. Small wooden targets, with 
draughtsmen's pins numbered, are nice to have, but are no better than 
the target in the book. 



KEEPING SCORE. 

The most important of all requisites to good shooting is an accurate 
record of every shot fired, whether fired in a score or as an experiment, 
or to kill time, or to shoot away bad ammunition. Months after you have 
forgotten such mistakes as you keep out of your book, for looks sake, you 
will regret it, if you cannot find the bad and the reasons, so as to avoid 
like disaster. Be honest with yourself in keeping your score book. You 
are not obliged to show it, if it is bad, and you will never succeed if you 
shoot so bad that you are ashamed to know it yourself. In keeping your 
elevations, if you notice that a shot is a little high or low, be slow to 
change unless you are sure you held the rifle perfect. It is hest to hold 
the rifle perfect every time; if it takes ten minutes to get up, get rested, 
and try it over again. If a shot hits the bottom or top of the bull's-eye it 
is safe to change | point up or down. If a shot hits above or below the 
center circle, 1 point can be allowed safely, unless the error comes from 
light and shade, and the original conditions are restored. Be very careful 
of the next shot always, so as to make sure of the necessity of more alter- 
ation. 



83 M0DEii:tf OBSERVATIONS ON Mfle shooTino. 



ALLOWANCE FOR ONE POINT IN WIND OR ELEVATION. 

The table of differences, submitted below, is subject to slight changes 
on account of distance between the sights on the rifle, powder charge, 
bullet, weather, difficulty of moving the sight exactly one point, eye sight, 
etc., etc. 

The difference given is for inches on the face of the target, not what 
it appears to be by guess work. 

Grip and butt refers to where the rear sight or Vernier is located; a 
desired result requiring less alteration on the scale of a Vernier or wind 
gauge when the rear sight is on the handle than on the butt. Measure 
your divisions and allow pro rata, more or less, as they are greater or 
smaller than the divisions in the table. 



TABLE OF 


DIFFERENCES FOB ONE POINT OF ELEVATION OR WIND. 




Divisions 1-100 of an inch, 


Divisions 1-6© of an inch, 




Vernier and Wind Gauge. 


Vernier and Wind Gauge. 




Vernier on Vernier on 


Vernier on Vernier on 




Grip. Butt. 


Grip. Butt. 


Yards. 


Inches. Inches. 


Inches. Inches. 


200 
300 


2 
3 


SI 


m 


m 


400 


4 


3 


in 


5/4 


500 


5 


4 


6jl 


600 


6 


tn 


w 


7% 


700 


7 


UVs 


9/^ 


800 


8 


6^ 


13^ 


lOJ^ 


900 


9 


7 


15 


UH 


1,000 


10 


8 


169^ 


13 


1100 


11 


m 


isu 


UH 



SUMMARY. 

The pages inserted for keeping a summary, if properly kept, will 
prove invaluable. The eye, taking line after line, finds elements and con- 
ditions, noted on previous days, similiar to those that present themselves 
for the marksman's judgement at the commencement of a new score. To 
start a score by guess work, or on the advice of a brother rifleman, is un- 
scientific and lazy, and entails incalculable disgust if perchance the guess 
is erroneous. Some day when you are real anxious to do well, just start 
a score with a "goose egg" on guess, and you will find the hinge-pins of 
your nervous system rather loose, to say nothing of th swearing tackle . 
of your lower jaw — (inelegant but forcible). 

do not begin with your windage on the "wrong side or tottr 
Elevation 5 or 10 points too high or low. 



TRAJECTORY. 

This is the term applied to the parabola, or line actually described by 



MOBEltTf OBSERVATlOl^g 0^ UWL^ SHOOTITTG. 33 

the bullet consequent on the action of two or more forces, viz: the pro- 
pelling force of the powder, attraction of gravitation and wind. The 
example used to explain the angle of hit on the target would probably be 
actual with 90 grains TG powder, and a 550 grain bullet at 800 yards, and 
is sufficiently accurate for all purposes. A bullet leaving a rifle at a velo- 
city of (in round numbers) 1,000 feet, the first second would go 800 feet 
the second, and 600 feet the third, total 800 yards. At the end of the first 
second, the bullet would be 28 feet from the ground, 16 feet below the line 
of fire; at the end of the second second, it would be 32 feet from the 
ground, and 48 feet below the line of fire; at the end of the third second, 
it would be on the target, 107 feet below the line of fire. Dropping 32 feet 
in the last 600 feet, the angle of hit would be one inch fall in tioenty inches? 
3° less than horizontal. 

The difference is so immaterial that it should be discarded in making 
allowance for faulty elevations. The slightest zephyr of wind, or dif- 
erence in light, or error in holding, is more material. (For influence of 
wind on trajectory, see wind.) 

DIET— PERSONAL HABITS. 

Little need be said on this topic; riflemen given to excesses in eating 
and drinking are unknown. Moderate living, very moderate drinking, in- 
cluding coffee, moderate tobacco, better none at all, are absolutely neces- 
sary. While it is better not to get hungry, such a condition is preferable 
to a full stomach. A peach, pear, or apple will quench thirst and a sand- 
wich is all sufficient for lunch. 



CLOTHIXG. 

In warm weather bodily comfort will be a proper guide as to cloth- 
ing. In cold weather an overcoat is worn until at the firing point it is dis- 
carded as too cumbersome; the result is, that the body becomes cold if not 
shivering. Double flannels and stockings accomplish warmth and free- 
dom of action. Rather be too warm than chilled. Always wear heavy 
shoes on the range. 

EXERCISE. 

Plenty of moderate exercise is recommended except gymnastics. 
One important thing should be fully observed— never run for a train 
or walk fast on the day of shooting, better turn back home and save ex- 



Never try to accomplish too much in one day, all will prove good for 
lothing. 



34 MODERN OBSBfiVATlONS ON R1J"LI} SHOOTING, 



EXPERIMENTING IN A MATCH, 

Granting that candor rather than ill-luck has actuated riflemen in 
many instances within the writer's memory to ascribe their misfortunes to 
experiments, we can reach but one conclusion, never experiment in a 
match. Cartridges loaded by a friend eighty years old; bullets patched 
with sized paper; sights shaded one shot and minus a shade, which has 
dropped off the next; powder of different make, quality or quantity; pow- 
der crushed by seating the bullet too far; patches oiled, or rifled oiled in 
the middle of a score, and a thousand other peculiarities, all explain had 
?McA; but not BAD TASTE. 



CONVERSATION. 

Any talking at the firing point, such as telling stories that superinduce 
laughter; discussions of an animated or quarrelsome character that call 
for serious reflection; and, especially, that excites the prejudices, will cer- 
tainly interfere with good shooting. 

The mind should have but one object in view, viz. : that collection of 
details which is necessary to make the next shot a bull's-eye. The intro- 
duction of any subject foreign to such details occupies the mind to the ex- 
clusion of some one of them. 

Never quarrel. Never impose your excesses on others, whether re- 
sulting from good or bad luck. 



PROTESTING. 

Never protest against any action of a fellow rifleman. You may be 
misjudging his motives or his acts, and, in his mind, you may appear to 
be doubting his honor. He will never forget it. If anything flagrant is 
being done, that is interfering with YOUR success, quietly call the atten- 
tion of the official in charge and allow HIM to take the responsibility of 
rectifying the matter. 

Never yield a shot, if honestly in doubt, where it can affect your 
score so as to secure a prize or requisite standing. You are entitled to 
contest a shot not scored by the marker, and no honorable rifleman will 
find fault if you seek what you believe to he right. Be slow to contest 
shots while you are yet young in rifle practice. Beginners are always 
complaining of bad markers. 

Always try to put tour bullet where the marker cannot 

FAIL to find it. 



MODERjSr OBSEEVATIOJSrs ON EIFLE SHOOTIISTG. 35 



DELAYIJfG A TARGET. 

A large majority of all contested shots end in "goose eggs." Few 
instances occur wlierein contested shots if allowed would alter results. 
Remember that while you are in dispute you are delaying the target; you 
are losing track of elevations, wind, &c. ; yonc gun is getting cooled off ; 
and you are disturbing your equilibrium of mind, and making your com- 
rades on that target equally miserable. 



SHOOTING ON THE WRONG TARGET. 

The worst delay that you can be guilty of is putting your bullet on 
another target. A bullet so put almost invariably hits the bull's-eye, 
making your loss five points, giving the adversary then firing on that tar- 
get a choice of, say, his outer and your bull's-eye, and may result in blind- 
ing the marker, and keeping that target idle, with the danger flag in front 
for over half an hour. 



COACHING. 

Politeness demands that you do not bother other marksmen with 
questions, Avliich, if properly answered, would assist you to defeat them. 

Generosity demands that when you are interrogated you answer to the 
best of your ability. 

Cautiousness demands that j^ou should couch your answer so as to re- 
lieve you of any suspicion if the information should fail to bring success. 

If you are keeping a comrade's score for him offer no suggestions 
until they are called for. 

If a comrade is keeping your score, be free to tell him, beforehand, 
what suggestions, if any, you desire him to make from time to time. 

If you are being " coached " submit entirely to the judgment of the 
"coach;" improving the opportunity to correct your ideas with his suc- 
cess, or to note the reasons for his errors. 



BORROWING. 

It is unpleasant just as you are going to the firing point to have a 
comrade "sing out " for a screw driver, oil can, ball seater, or to ask what 
o'clock it is, or how the barometer or thermometer stands, &c. Every- 
hhooter should have his own kit. 



MOBERN OBSERVATIONS OK RIFLE SHOOTING. 



REASOIfS FOR ALL FAILURES. 

To undertake so grave a task, as is indicated by this caption, is not 
sslf imposed. Challenged and requested, the author remembers that he 
started to write with a free hand; so, like a line of battle, with only a 
knowledge that the enemy is somewhere in front, we will commence firing, 
let the shots fall where they may, always hoping that some will take 
effect. 

Rifles. — Too deep rifling, worn out rifling, badly chambered, effect es- 
cape of burning gas, -wwunif orm rotary motion of the ball, and un- 
even upsetting ot the bullet. 

Sights. — Jumping of the sights during the recoil of the previous shot, the 
screw not being tight enough, sights not properly plumbed, causing 
wind-gauge or Vernier to act laterally, screwing the wind-gauge to 
tlie wrong side. 

Spirit Level. — Not properly sighted. 

Cap.— Uneven action on account of verdigris, &c. 

Shell. — Improperly cleaned. 

Powder. — From moisture, verdigris or foul shell. 

Bullet. — Badly seated in the shell, paper ruflSiing when inserted in the 
shell or rifle, paper adhering to the bullet after it has left the muz- 
zle, paper leaving the bullet before it leaves the barrel, causing the 
rifle to lead near the muzzle. 

Position.— Difference in recoil consequent on positions wherein the rifle 
is not held firmly at the butt. A rifle recoiling without hindrance 
Avill throw a shot higher on the target than one fired from a post. 

Sighting and Firing. — Of all the misses made, charge better than fifty 
per cent of them to this cause; thirty of the fifty percent being 
attributable to pulling off, and the remainder to mistaken vision 
common to the best riflemen. It is often the case that, after a long 
effort to secure a good sighting, the shooter gets tired out, and, al- 
though not satisfied with the sight, concludes to let the shot go 
under an agreement with himself that he will take more pains with 
the next. 

Anger or excitement of any kind. 

"WnsD, light and shade. 

Time. — Unusual lapse of time between shots. 

Markers. — Nearly all young riflemen charge their misses to bad markers. 
Don't display your ignorance of the art in that way. 

Lastly. — Obey established rules and the dictation of your intelligence, 
and your misses will be narrowed down to a very few unaccounta- 
bles, at present beyond the power of human ken. 



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>ery Rifle we manufacture we stamp on the barrel James 
BowN & Son, Pittsburgh, Enterprise Gun Works. It has the 
cut of a deer stamped on the barrel, with the words " Kill Buck," 
which we have adopted as our trade mark on Rifles. 



CIQ IBET TES. 

'npHERE are times and places tolerant only of the 
Cigarette ; tenderly white and sweetly fragrant. 
When made from that delicious tobacco, VANITY 
FAIR, they will cause a smile that will illumine the 
blackest of crowding cares. 

L'AMERIQUE, 

A new Cigarette, of Perique and Vanity Fair, quite 
equal to a Cigar. Unlike all others. Provided with 
mouth-piece to avoid direct contact of teeth, and the 
mucous lining of the cheeks with the tobacco, while the 
entire quantity of tobacco is consumed. 

Our Cigarettes are as fine as can be produced. Only 
the best French Cigarette paper is used, which is free 
from mineral and other injurious substances. 

VANITY FAIR 

For Meerscliauiii and Cigarettes, 

M^- DOES NOT BITE THE TONGUE. -^ 

Highest Award, Vienna, 1873, and Centennial, 1876. 

Samples, 20 cents. 

Our PEEHLESS and PLAm FINE OUT CHEW- 
ING are Usnrpassed. (5 Prize Medals.) 

WM. S. KIMBALL & CO., 

ROCHESTER, N. Y. 



FE3E3K,L.ESS TOB-A.OOO "^iTVORKS. 



I 



MODERN OBSEEVATIONS ON RIFLE SHOOTING. 39 



TEAM SHOOTING. 

There are two ways in wliich the autlior can attack this subject; one 
in pointing out the defects of the methods used at Creedmoor during the In- 
ternational matches; the other in simply prescribing what seems to be the 
correct method. The latter will be less calculated, perhaps, to meet the 
desires of those Miio were connected with the several teams, but will also 
be less calculated to draw out animated defence of methods used which 
the author might consider erroneous. Let us then try to build a fabric on 
its own base and not on the ruins of the past. 

DISICIPLINE. 

To have discipline is to have instruction, government. In an art 
like rifle-shooting, it would be unwarrantable to assert that one man could 
be master of all its points, and it is therefore necessary to have a system 
whereby all can impart their information for the instruction of others. 
The system calls for government and to that end a central power for arbi- 
tration should be vested in one man as captain, and a coach for each . tar- 
get, to be a receptacle for the information to impart it to the next shooter, 
together with his further observations of the elements. None of them to 
be of the firing members. Simply to he arbitrary is not discipline. There 
must be respect and confidence, first between the shooters and their coach 
and finally for the captain. 

SYSTEM. 

There should be a spotter with a fine telescope for each target whose 
accuracy is unerring, and a score keeper to dot the hits on each man's 
target, and to keep accurate record of his elevation and windage, both 
under the control of the coach. The coach should have a fine glass 
set for his use, only in case of dispute, and a pair of field glasses with 
which to watch for wind currents. 

The first man in position firing, the second man should be standing 
by the side of the coach intently observing the wind and instruments for 
himself, the coach watching for changes in light and wind for No. 1. 
The instant No. 1 has fired he should arise, without loss of time and with- 
out trying to outdo the spotterlin trying to discry the locality of hit, and 
go to the coach giving his elevation and windage; immediately retiring to 
reload, the coach observing the position of hit and any alteration in the 
elements, imparts his opinion to No. 2, who immediately takes position; 
No. 3 taking the place of No. 3 and so on. 

In no instance should the coach keep the record or spot the shot, or 
attempt to assist the next target. Absolute silence should be the pleasure 
of the two members loading, and the captain, stationed between the two 
targets, should preserve it. All other persons should be excluded from a 
possibility of being seen or heard by the squad at the firing point. 



40 MODERN OBSEEVATtOlfS ON RIFLE SitOOTlNG. 

JUDGMENT OF WIND. 

Some of our riflemen have a specialty of judging wind and ordinarily 
should be deferred to. In securing a coach, great stress should be laid on 
his power to cope with this wary enemy. Having one, even though not 
the best, his intent attention entitles him to preference in judgment. 

JUDGMENT OF LIGHT. 

All eyes are not affected by light equally, and it is desirable that the 
shooter give that individual attention, relying somewhat on the compara- 
tive difference in the effect on his eye and the shooter who precedes him. 
The coach only remarking on radical changes. 

INSTRUMENTS. 

The coach should keep a close walch on the instruments, as they 
affect all alike, especially where slight variations in elevation of hit are 
accompanied with even an indication of variation in the barometer. 
During very hot days the difference will increase between the wet and 
dry thermometer until the approach of nightfall, when it will decrease 
again. Not so much stress need be laid on this, as each day for weeks 
may serve to give an example for another, but if a shower comes on, skill 
with these two instruments is absolutely necessary. 

ELEVATIONS. 

Riflemen have heretofore paid deference to the judgment of others on 
right and left shooting, ignoring deviations in elevation, on the score that 
the previous shooter held badly. The target is twelve feet wide and only 
six feet tall. If a shot misses the inner right or left it may count two. If 
it misses up or down it counts nothing. Where the greatest percentage 
of loss lies, there the greatest percentage of caution should obtain. 

If No. 1 goes low, in the interest of the team, he should own up if he 
held badly, and especially so if the next shooter is to come to grief by his 
error. If he claims to have held perfect, some element has changed which 
the coach should fathom, and allow for accordingly, failing to see any 
change in elements he should divide the allowance, cautioning No. 2 to 
hold perfect to prove the defect. 

HOLDING. 

In team shooting perfect holding is intensely necessary. The position 
should feel right or the shooter should get up and lay down again. The 
eye should come up to the sight comfortably, and the white surround- 
ing the bull's-eye should be held alike through the sights each time. 

PICKING A TEAM. 

"Fair play is a jewel." Many interpret that sentiment in the selec- 
tion of a team, as giving the idea that each man should shoot on his indi- 
vidual merits without coaching. If individual skill was to be the rule in 
the match, the ground would be correctly taken; but men who shoot 
onto a team in that way are liable to be contumacious throughout the 
shooting, for the purpose of individual record; while, if team shooting 
was to be indulged in in the selection, good holders and good judges of 



MoBimN OBSERVATioi^s oK eIjb'le siiooTiNa. 41 

some elements, but lacking in what could readily be supplied them by a 
-€oach, would prove sufficiently tractable to submit to discipline. 

To narrow down the list of competitors on the record of the first two 
days is an exploded idea; several days should be allowed all, and coaching 
should be courted, thus developing elements vastly more necessary to 
good team shooting than individual prowess that may never be placed to 
the advantage of the team. 

When the number of competitors is to be reduced at all, it should be 
to the final number of double the number of the team, which number 
should stand throughout, at the same time four coaches, four sipotters and 
four scorers should be chosen, making a sett for each target of four 
shooters. They should be regularly changed to different sets of fours, 
and each coacher's final average should determine as to coachers just as 
much as final average determines the team. The team should be finally 
chosen so as to admit of three practice days as a team entire — coach, 
spotter and scorer as carefully as the shooter. The captain should be 
chosen by the sixteen; four practice days before the final selection of the 
team he should immediately apply himself to finding out the different 
methods of loading and cleaning, submitting erroneous methods to the 
sixteen for consideration. The failure of any of the members to experi- 
ment properly on any improvement suggested would go far towards os- 
tracizing him in the final selection. An Adjutant should be had to keep 
scores, compile them, and convey the captain's instructions. A Quarter- 
master should be appointed to provide transportation, meals, tents, and 
care for the property generally. An Instructor might act until the selec- 
tion of Captain takes place. 



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3. Full and reliable record of all operations by the Army and Navy. 

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National Guard in the various States, and various items in relation to the Militia- 
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the different Headquarters of the National Guard. 

5. The General and Special Orders and Circulars issued by the War and Navy 
Departments, and through the Headquarters of the Army. Also the General 
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MOBERlS^ OBSERVATIONS OK RIFLE SHOOTINa. 45 



RULES AND REGULATIONS OF ASSOCIATIONS. 

Regardless of the familiarity with which you think you know the 
rules of your association, never go to a strange range or enter a match 
anywhere without fully informing yourself as to the regulations you are 
to he guided hy. The set of rules and regulations printed herein are pro- 
bably the most perfect and more liable to have all of the restrictions 
necessary. Do not, however, rely on them for any other range than 
Creedmoor. 

THE NATIONAL KIFLE ASSOCIATION 

REGULATIONS 

FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF COMPETITIONS UPON THE RiiNGE AT CREED- 
MOOR, X.. T. 

1. All meetings for competitions will oe conducted by an Executive 
Officer, wearing a tri-colored badge, aided by a Statistical Officer, wear- 
ing a blue badge, and assistants, wearing red badges. 

2. The Executive Officer shall have control of the range for the con- 
duct of matches, and shall give such directions to the employees of the 
Association as in his judgement are necessary for the proper management 
of the same, and for the preservation of order. 

3. The Executive Officer and his assistants are required to see that 
the regulations, and such directions as the Executive Officer may give, 
are rigidly complied with by competitors and all other persons upon the 
range grounds. 

4. During the progress of a match they will see that no one, ex- 
cept the officers and employees of the Association, the competitors and 
the score-keepers, is permitted within the ropes. 

5. They will see that the squads of competitors are stationed not less 
than four yards in rear of the firing points, and that each competitor re- 
mains there until called by the score-keeper to take his position at the 
firing point, and until he has completed his score. The score-keepers will 
be seated close to and in rear of the firing point stakes. 

6. Score-keepers shall, as each shot is signalled, call in a loud voice 
the name of the competitor and the value of the shot, and at the conclu- 
sion of the score_^of each competitor announce in like manner his name and 
total score. 

7. All competitors shall be allowed to examine the records of the 
score-keeper during the progress of the match. 

8. Any competitor feeling himself aggrieved by the ruling of the 
Executive Officer, may make to the Secretary a statement of his grievance 



46 MODEEN OBSERVATIONS OJ^ RIFLE SHOOTING. 

in writing, giving the names of two or more witnesses in the case, which 
shall be handed at once to the Executive Committee for its consideration. 
The decision of the Executive Committee shall be final, subject, how- 
ever, to the direction of said committee, or any two members of it, to re- 
fer the matter to the Board of Directors for its decision. 

9. The Statistical Officer shall have charge of all statistics connected 
with the matches, and shall direct the services of the clerical employ- 
ees at the Spring and Fall meetings. 

II. — KlFLES. 

The rifles allowed to be used in the competitons are — 1st. Military 
Rifles ; 2d. Any Eifle ; and must comply with the following conditions, 
viz.: 

1. MiLiTAKY Rifles, of bona fide pattern, minimum pull of trigger 
six pounds, sights strictly in accordance with regulation pattern. Fil- 
ing any of the sights, or using them in any other way than as originally 
intended, is prohibited, except that the sliding-bar of the rear sight may 
be inverted, and a single line drawn to mark the centre. Sights may be- 
blackened, but not whitened or colored. Any pad or shoe, for the heel of 
the butt is disallowed. 

2. Any Rifle, maximum weight ten pounds, minimum pull of trigger 
three pounds, sights of any description, except telescope, magnifying and 
such front aperture sights as solid discs or bushes pierced in the centre, 
which cover the target so as to conceal the danger signal when displayed. 
JNo stirrup constructed of metal or other substance, connected to the rifle 
by straps of any kind, for the purpose of taking up or ]essening the recoil 
of the rifle, will be allowed in any matches of this Association. 

3. The competitors shall submit their rifles and ammunition for in- 
spection whenever required. 

4. No hair triggers will be allowed. 

5. No fixed artificial rests will be allowed. 

6. In all matches breech-loading rifles must be loaded at the breech 
only. 

7. "In all competitions confined to the use of breech-loaders, the 
guns shall be loaded at the breech with fixed ammunition." 

III. — Ammunition. 

1. For the regular National Guard competitions, ammunition will be 
furnished by the State and issued to competitors on the ground. 

2. In all other competitions, unless otherwise specified, any ammu- 
nition may be used, and must be provided by the competitors. 

3. Cartridges may be purchased at the office of the Superintendent 
of the Range on the Grounds. 

The targets are divided into three classes, of the following sizes : 
1. Third Class, to be used at all distances up to and including 300 
yards. — Target 4x6 feet. 



MODERN OBSERVATION'S OIST RIFLE SHOOTING. 47 

Bull's eye, circular, 8 inches in diameter. 
Centre, " . 36 " 

Inner, " 46 " " 

Outer, square, 4 feet x 6 feet. 
3. Second Class, to be used at all distances over 300, to and includ- 
600 yards.— Target 6x6 feet. 

Bull's eye, circular, 33 inches in diameter. 
Centre, " 38 " 

Inner, " 54 " " 

Outer, " 70 " 

3. First Class, to be used at all distances over 600 yards — Target 
6x13 feet. 

Bull's eye, circular, 36 inches in diameter. 
Centre, " 54 " " 

Inner, square, 6 feet x 6 feet. 
Outer, " 6 feet x 13 feet. 

V. — Marking, Scoring and Signaling. 
1. Bull's eye counts 5; signal white circular disc. 
Centre " 4; " red " 

Inner " 3; " white and black " 

Outer " 3; " black " 

Richochet " E; " red flag waved twice right and left 
in front of the target. Ricochet hits will be marked out after the flag 
signal. 

3. When a shot strikes the angle iron upon which the target 
stands, the marker will open the trap and raise and lower his flag three 
times in front of the target. 

3. When a shot strikes any part of a second-class target outside of 
the boundary of the " outer," he will open the trap, so as to display the 
trap danger signal (red square disc) and close it again without marking out 
the hit. 

4. Any objection to the scoring of a shot as signaled, or to one not 
signaled, must be made before another shot is flred. 

5. Any alteration of a scoring ticket must be witnessed by an officer 
in charge of the firing point, and endorsed with liis initials. 

VI. — Matches. 

1. The commencement of matches at the Spring and Fa'l meetings 
will be signaled by the firing of two guns, 15 minutes apart. The first 
will be the signal for competitors and score-keepers to assemble at the fir- 
ing points, and the second to commence firing. 

3. The matches will take place, if possible, in the order named in 
the programmes. The time for firing them, together with any deviation 
from the programmes, will be posted upon the bulletin board as long be- 
forehand as practicable. 

3. Competitors are requested to frequently examine the bulletin 
5 



48 MODERK OBSERVATIONS ON" RIFLE SHOOTING., 

board, where they will learn the targets to which they are assigned, and 
other neceessary information. 

4. Temporary discontinuance of matches on account of had weather, 
which will be in the discretion of the Executive Officer, and discontinuance 
for noon-day intermission, will be signaled by the firing of a gun. In 
each case the competitions will be resumed upon the firing of two guns, as 
in the commencement. 

5. No practice will be allowed upon the range on any of the days of 
the meetings for competitions. This does not apply to days upon which 
special matches of the Association, or of affiliating Associations or Clubs, 
take place. 

VII.— Entries. 

1. For the State prize, and all other competitions open to National 
Guaxd organizations, the teams shall (unless otherwise specified) consist of 
twelve from each regiment, battalion, company or troop. 

2. All regimental officers shall be eligible as members of such teams. 

3. In all cases competitors for the State or other prizes offered to 
military organization, must be regularly enlisted members in good stand- 
ing of the regiment, battalion, company or troop which they represent, 
and shall have been such for at least three months prior to the match for 
which they are entered ; all entries must be made for full teams. 

4. Entries should be made at the office of the Association, 23 Park 
Row, New York, at least two days preceding the commencement of the 
meeting at which the match is to take place. A charge of 50 per cent, 
additional will be made for all entries made after that time. 

5. A member of the Association entering for a match on the range 
must exhibit his member's badge. 

6. A register ticket may be transferred at any time before the firing 
for the match has commenced, by exchanging it at the office of the Sta- 
tistical Officer for one having the name of the new holder. Any erasure, or 
the substitution of one name for another, will render the ticket invalid. 

7. Competitors who are prevented from being present at any meet- 
ing shall have the entrance fees they have paid returned after the meeting, 
provided that they send their tickets and give written notice to the Secre- 
tary before the day on which the prize for which they have entered has 
been announced for competitors. 

8. Competitors prevented from competing by illness will receive 
back their entrance fees in full, on production of a medical certificate and 
their entry tickets. 

9. Post entries are those made after the entry books are closed at 
the office of the Association. 

10. The holders of post entry tickets may be ordered to fire when- 
ever target accommodation can be provided. 

11. Should the holders of post entry tickets be precluded from com- 
peting by deficiency of target accommodation, their eiitrance fees will be 



MODERN OBSERVATION'S ON RIFLE SHOOTINa. 49 

returned to them, the Executive Officer not being able to guarantee ac- 
commodation for all such entries. 

12. No post entries shall be made for any competition after the fir- 
ing in such competition has commenced. 

yill. — Shooting. 

1. Two sighting shots shall be allowed to every competitor at each 
distance, on payment of ten cents a shot. 

2. Tickets for the sighting shots will be sold upon the ground, and will 
be good for any match during the meeting. Competitors must decide, be- 
fore firing, upon the number of sighting shots they will take, and hand 
the tickets for the same to to the scorer. Sighting shots cannot be counted 
upon a score. 

3. Competitors who, at the close of the firing on any day, have not 
completed the number of rounds prescribed by the conditions of a com- 
petition, shall be allowed one sighting shot when such competition is re- 
sumed, without charge. 

4. In all National Guard competitions, the competitoi'S shall place 
themselves at the firing point by twos, who shall fire alternately until they 
have fired all their sighting and competitive shots. 

5. In other competitions the competitors shall fire their sighting and 
competitive shots alternately throughout the squad. 

6. In all National Guard competitions, competitors shall shoot in the 
authorized uniform of their corps. 

7. Competitors may wipe or clean out tlieir rifies during any com- 
petition, except those restricted to the use of military rifies. 

b. Whenever the danger flag is displayed, competitors about to fire 
will be required to open the breech block of their rifles (if breech-loaders). 
If they leave the firing point they must draw the cartridge. 

9. No two competitors shall be allowed to shoot with the same rifle 
in the same match. 

10. Any competitor delaying his squad may be passed by. In no 
case will the firing be delayed to enable a competitor to procure a rifie. 

11. In all military matches each team will be limited to an average 
of one minute and a half per shot, for each squad, to complete its score. 

IX. — Position. 

1. In all matches (except those for cavalry carbines) the position up 
to and including 300 yards, shall be standing. The left elbow may be 
rested against the body, provided the little finger of the left hand is in 
front of the triggei" guard. 

2. In all National Guard infantry matches, at 400 yards, the position 
shall be kneeling ; at distances above 400 yards any position may be taken 
in which the head is towards the target. 

8. In cavalry carbine matches the position, at 200 yards, shall be stand- 
ing ; at 300 yards, kneeling ; over that distance, in any position (as pre- 
cribed for inf antrv. ) 



60 MODEEN OBSEEVATIO]SrS ON EIFLE SHOOTIISTG. 

4. In all other matches, at distances above 300 yards, any position may 
be taken without artificial rests to the rifle or body. 

5. One-armed competitors shall be allowed to use false arms without 
extra support in the standing or kneeling positions, and to assume any 
position in the use of military rifles, at distances above 400 yards, the 
same as is allowed for any rifles. 

6. Sighting shots may be fired in any position, without artificial rests. 

7. In all cases the gun shall be held clear of the ground. 

X.— Ties. 

1. — Ties shall be decided as follows : 

A. — In Individual Shooting. 

1. When the firing takes place at more than one distance, by the score 
made at the longest distance ; and if still a tie, and there be lliree dis- 
tances in the competition, by the score at the second distance. 

2. By the fewest misses. I 4. By the fewest inners. 

3. By the fewest outers. | 5. By tlie fewest centers. 

6. If still a tie, by inverse order of shots, counting singly from the 
last to the first. 

7. By firing single shots at the longest range. 

B. — In Team Shooting. 

1. By the aggregate scores made at the longest distance. 

2. By the fewest misses. | 4. By the fewest Inners. 

■ 3. By th« fewest outers. | , 5. By the fewest Centers. 

6. By the competitor on each>ide who has made the highest score 
firing five rounds at the longest distance. 

II. — The names of competitors who have to shoot off ties will be 
posted on the bulletin-board as soon after each match as practicable. 

111. — When the ties are shot off, one sighting shot shall be allowed 
without charge. 

IV. — Competitors not present at the firing points at the hour named 
for shooting off ties, lose their right to shoot. 

V. If, having forfeited tlieir right to compete, they shall still be within 
the number of prize winners, they shall take any prize that may be allot- 
ted to them by the; Executive Committee. 
XL — Prizes. 

1. Prize winners will, upon application to the Statistical Officer on the 
range, receive certificates, which must be given up on receiving the prizes. 

2. Prizes will be delivered on the range ground at the close of the 
meeting, under the direction of the Executive Officer. 

3. The principal prizes at the annual Fall meeting will be formally pre- 
sented to the winners at the State Arsenal, Seventh Avenue, corner Thirty- 
fifth street, N. Y., on the Saturday following the last day of such meet- 
ing, at 8 P. M., unless otherwise announced. Winners who will be un- 
able to attend are requested to give notice at the ofiice of the Association. 



MODEEN OBSEEVATIONS ON EIFLE SHOOTING. 61 

4. All prizes not claimed within one month after the match at which 
they have been won, shall be forfeited to the Association. 
XII. —Penalties. 

Competitors must make themselves acquainted with the regulations, 
as the plea of ignorance of them will not be entertained. 

1. Any competitor who fires in a name other than his own, or fires 
twice for the same prize, shall be disqualified from ever again competing 
at the prize meetings of the Association, or for any prize offered to the 
National Guard elsewhere. 

2. Should a competitor lose his register ticket, omit to take it to a fir- 
ing point, fail to attend at the prescribed hour, or give a wrong ticket, and 
so by his own neglect miss the opportunity given to him of competing for 
the prize for which his ticket was issued, his claim in regard to such com- 
petition shall be cancelled. 

3. Any competitor who shall be detected in an evasion of the condi- 
tions prescribed for the conduct of any match, shall be disqualified from 
further competition during that meeting, and forfeit his entrance fees; or 
if he is guilty of any conduct considered by the Executive Committee as 
" discreditable," he shall be disqualified from ever again competing at the 
N. R. A. prize meetings, and shall forfeit all prizes won by him at the 
current meeting. 

4. Any naember of a squad or firing party who shall fire a shot from 
any other firing point after the hour prescribed for his squad to fire, and 
before he has completed his score (except in pursuance of orders), shall be 
disqualified in that competition. 

5. Any competitor discharging his rifle accidentally, either by his 
own want of care, or by reason of any defect in the rifle, will be liable to 
disqualification. 

6. Any competitor refusing to obey any instructions of the Execu- 
tive Oflicer or his assistants, or violating any of these regulations, or being 
guilty of unruly or disorderly conduct, or being intoxicated, will be im- 
mediately ruled out of all other competitions, and forfeit his entrance fees. 

7. Any person, whether a competitor or not, interfering with any 
of the firing squads, or annoying them in any way, will be at once ex- 
pelled from the ground. 

8. Any competitor firing when the danger flag or trap disc is shown 
at the target or firing point, or knowingly discharging his rifle, except at 
a target to which he has been assigned, or into the ground, and as may be 
directed by an oflicer, shall be debarred from farther competitions during 
the meeting, and shall forfeit his entrance fees. This shall not apply to 
a competitor accidentally firing at the wrong target when no danger disc 
is up. 

9. Any competitor firing on a wrong target in any match, will be 
fined $3, or will be debarred from further competition in such match, or 
both, in the discretion of the Executive Officer. 

5A 



62 



MODERN OBSERVATIONS ON RIFLE SHOOTING. 



10. Any person discharging a rifle or snapping a cap within the en- 
closure, except in accordance with the regulations for shooting, may, at 
the discretion of the Executive Officer, be required to leave the ground, 
and be debarred from further competition. 

11. Any competitor or other person found with a loaded rifle, except 
at the firing points and when about to shoot, may be debarred from further 
competition during- that meeting. 

12. Any competitor in isTational Guard matches, using any otheram- 
GTiunition than that issued to him on the ground, or in any way tamper- 
ing with that so issued, shall be disqualified for all future military 
matches. 

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1.000 YDS. DATE. CREEDMOOR, NOV. 25^." 1876. 




IS.r PRIZE 

N.R.A. 

Bronze Medal 

TO 

AMATUER 

Rl FLE 
CLUB. 



TOTAI 
136! 

P05SIB 



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PAGE OCCASION 



SU MMARY. 



DATE TIME WEATHER 



LIGHT 



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ABOVE N.R.A.BR.MEDAL 



N0V25. Z«il< 



CLOUDY 



GREY 



90 CLOCK BtoA 



Fro77i the Turf, Field and Farm ^ Dec. i, 1876. 

Long Range Marksmanship at Creedmoor. 

On Saturday the bronze medal drew out a field of contestants at the 1,000 
yard ranse, and being the last match day of the season and the weather excep- 
tionally fine, it was expected that many good shots would put in an appear- 
ance. Mr. E. H. Madison was fortunate enough to carry off rhe prize, making 
33 bull's-eyes out of thirty shots, and 136 points out of a possible 1.50— a re- 
markable score at the 1,000 yard distance, notwithstanding a clear miss on his 
fifteenth round. , ,, 

Unfortunately, the match was begun at so late an hour that several gentle- 
men could not have an opportunity to complete their scores; among them 
were Messrs. Weber, Holland, Sandford, Blydenburgh and Tiffany. The follow- 
ing is a summary : „„ , x 

Open only to members of the Amateur Rifle Club; distance, 1,000 yards; two 
sighting and thirty scoring shots; weapons, any rifle; entrance fee, f 1. 



NO. OP SHOT 


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H. S. Jewe 
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J. P. Wate 
L. M. Ball 
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rs 

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TIFFIIY k €©. 

Union Square, 

AND 

Have always in stock a great variety of 

SILVEI[ jlRTICLES, 

SUITABLE FOR PRIZES, and they also prepare 
ORIGINAL DESIGNS FOR SPECIAL P UR- 

POSES, ON REQUEST. 
Full lines of the Stamda/rd 

•11 



are kept in stocky including COMPLICATED 
WATCHES for SCIENTIFIC and SPORTING 

uses, and watches that strike the hour and quarter hour, 
and repeat at will, as well as a very large and varied 
stock of 

in every style of case, from the SIMPLEST to the 
MOST COSTLY. 






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GUNPOWDER 

DUPONT'S 

Sporting, Shipping and Mining 

POWDER. 



ESTABLISHED IN 1801, 

Have maintained their great reputation for 76 years. 
Manufacture tlie 

Celebrated Eagle Ducking, Eagle Eiile 
and Diamond Grain Powder. 

Til MOST F®PlLil P0WBE1 II ISl. 

Also, 

SPORTING, MINING, SHIPPING AND 

BLASTING POWD£R 

of all kinds and descriptions. 

For sale in all parts of tlie country. Represented 

by 

F. L KNEELAND, 

70 Wall St., New York. 



BRIDGEPORT, CT. 

MANUFACTURERS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 

Eim and Central Fire Sporting and Military 



The Celebrated ^Sj^fe' ^^,t^^ 
"BERDAN" _^^2f paper 
LONG RANGE ^^^^ Shot Shells, 

^^^^^^E'^- ^^tf^mfjM^ Breech-Loading 







Percussion Caps, Gun Wadding, 
Shot Concentrators, &c. 



Governments and States supplied 
witii re-loading Military Ammunition, 
at special rates. 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



^m^ USE THE BERDAN PRIMER. ^^^| 



SCHUYLER, HA[[TLEY k GI[AHAM, 

Agents, 

19 J\dcui(larh LiCLne, JV. Y. 



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69 



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70 



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181 




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71 



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73 




















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RIFLE , 




















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74 



Yds Date 



fSl 




Yds ODate 




Yds Hate 




75 



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1 


a. 


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6 


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1 












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1 














TIME 
































Nd dp shot 


/ 


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3 


4- 


s 




1 


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10 


11 


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76 



Vds Hate: 



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Yds Date 




Yds Date 
















77 




















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1 


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ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUCE 
































''' DIRECTION 
































"" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































'TIME 
































No OF SHOT 


f 


^ 


3 


4- 


s 


s 


1 


^ 


9 


10 


// 


& 


13 


14- 


1J- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































" WIND GAUGE 
































"■ DIRECTION 
































*♦ FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYSROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































■RIFLE 
































TIME 
































No OF SHOT 


1 


z 


3 


4- 


a 


6 


7 


g 


9 


1o 


ii 


1^ 


IS 


n 


IS- 


■scanE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 




_ 




























BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































GIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 

































78 



>C3 3 Date 



m 




Yds Date 




Yds Date 




79 



Na OF SHOT- 


1 


I 


3 


4- 


s- 


6 


7 


s' 


s 


10 


11 


1Z 


13 


1^ 


IS- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGtE 
































'< DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 




























• 




POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
















1 














'TIME 
































ND or SHDT 


1. 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


e 


7 


s 


9 


JO 


11 


i^. 


7J 


14- 


iS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTON 
































'' rORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYSROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































No OF SHOT 


1 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


6 


7 


g 


9 


10 


11 


1^. 


IS 


n 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 






















, 










WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTiaN 
































•' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
























' 








LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































3IGHT 
































RIFLE 
































.TIME 


.... 































80 



Yds Date 



1^1 




Yds Hate 




Yds Date 




81 



Nn QF'sHnT 


f 


z 


3 


4- 


» 


c 


7 


r 


9 1 10 


11 


1Z 


13 


14- 


ls 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 




















■ 












•'' DIRECTION 












■ 




















1 "' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































, THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































'TIME 
































ND nr SHOT 


f 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


6 




s 


9 


10 


11 


1Z 


13 


14- 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 




























i 1 


WIND GAUG^ 
































" DIRECTION 
































^' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYBROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































9IQHT 
































■RIFLE 
































TIME 


































1 


z 


3 


^ 


ff 


6 


7 


g 


9 


10 


11 


1Z 


13 


Il- 


1S 


■SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































'' DIRECTION 
































•■' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 

































Yds Date 



m 




Yd 3 ITATE 




Yds Date 




83 



No OF SHOT 


/ 


z 





& 


Sr 


« 


7 


s' 


3 1 10 


11 


IZ 


13 


1^ 


■1.- 


SCORE. 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUCE 
































•' DIRECTION 
































'^ FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
















\^ 














'TIME 
































ND OF SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


4- 


S 


e 


7 


B 


9 


10 


11 


i'^. 


13 


14- 


io 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































' WIND GAUGE 
































*« DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 






























WEATHER 




















. 












LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYBROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
















■' 
















RIFLE 
































TIME 






: 














. 














1 


z 


3 


^ 


s 


6 


1 


i 


" 


10 


11 


1^ 


IS 


lt 


IS 


GCDF^E ■. 
































ELEVATION 






















. 










WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 




, 




























" FORCE 




■ 








■ 




















WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THEF^MOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 






















:-' 




-""'■ 






TIME ; 




























■ 





m 



Vbg Date 



m 




Yds Hate 




Yds Date 




86 



No OF 'SHOT 


/ 


a. 


j 


4- 


* 


« 


7 


s' 


3 


iO 


11 


1Z 


13 


14- 


1. 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUCE 
































'' DIRECTION 
































"' FORCE' 
































\A/EATHE« 
































LlGiHT 
































THERMOMETEJi 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































'TIME 
































ND or SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


e 


1 


g 


3 


10 


11 


& 


13 


14- 


iJ- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































"' DIRECTiaN 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETEF 
































BAROMETER 


















. 














HYGROMETER 
































BULLET . 
































POWDER 
































SIGiHT 
































HIFLE' 
































TIME 


































1 


z 


3 


-f 


s 


6 


1 


g 


9 


10 


ii 


p. 


IS 


It 


IS 


•sconE: 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































** DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGiHT 
































THERMDMETEP 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE . 














r ■ 


















TIME 










\ 























Yds' Bate: 



li^l 




Yd 3 Hate 




Yds Date 




87 



IMn or SHDT- 


1 


z 


a 


4- 


S 


6 


7 


8' 


9 \ 10 \ fl 


1Z 


n 


14- 


1^ 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIREdTION 
































" FORCE 
































\A/EATHER 
































LIGHT 
































.THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER . 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































'TIME 
































ND UF SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


e 


7 


^ 


9 


10 


11 


■t^. 


13 


14- 


IS 


■ SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" OIRECTIQN 
































'♦ FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYBROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGiHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































NoaFSHDT 


1 


z 


3 


^ 


s 


6 


7 


S" 


y 


10 


11 


1^ 


IS 


14 


IS 


SCQI^E 
































ELEVATION 






















, 










WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LiGiHT 
































THERMOMETEF 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































3IGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
















,.._ 


._ 
















68 



Yd g Date 



/^7 




Yds 2]at[ 




Yds Date 
















'89 


















- -rSJ 


No QFSHnT 


/ 


^ 


3 


4- 


& 


6 


7 


s' 


S 1 10 


// 


,z 


13 


1^\l^\ 


SCORE 




























. 1 1 


ELEVATION 
































WIND GAU&E 
























' 








"' DIRECTION 
































"' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































-TIME 
































Nd df shot 


/ 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


G 


7 


^ 


9 


10 


/;' 


iA 


13 


/•f 


ts 


SCORE 


















- 














ELEVATION 
































'WIND GAUe^ 
































. " DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 






















'. 










LIGHT 






















c 










THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIQHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































No OF SHOT 


1 


z 


3 


-f 


ff 


6 


7 


8" 


s> 


10 


11 


1^ 


13 


n 


IS- 


■SCOFIE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































- DIRECTION 
































•' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LiCHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 








* 
























HYGROMETER 




















1 — 












BULLET 
































■ POWDER 
































GIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 

































90 



Yd 3 Date 



/.rz 




Yd 3 ITate 




Yds Date 




No DF SHQT 


/ 


a. 





^ 


^ 


« 


7 


s' 


s 


10 


11 


tz 


13 


14- 


1^ 


SCDRE- 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND SAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































'*' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LICHT 
































.THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































PDWDEH 
































SiGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































ND DF SHOT 


/ 


/2 


3 


4- 


s 


6 


7 


s 


9 


10 


11 


1-)^. 


1J 


f4- 


is 


SCORE 




























ELEVATION 
































WIND Q.AUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































*' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYBROMETER 
































BULLET- 
































POWDER 
































SIGtHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 


































1 


Z 


3 


^ 


■s 


6 


7 


g 


^ 


1o 


/; 


/-e 


IS 


It 


15- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 






















, 










WIND GAUGE 














1 
















'' DIRECTION 
































•' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 






























1 


THERMOMETEF 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 































92 



Yds Date 



m 




Yds I] ate 




Yds Date 




93 



No QFSHnT- 


1 


I 


3 


^ 


■5- 


6 


f 


^ 


9 \ 10 


11 


tz 


13 


14- 


IS- 


score:' 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUCE 
































•' DIRECTION 
































*'" force: 
































NA/EATHEK 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































'TIME 
































NO OF SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


.4- 


S 


G 


7 


g 


9 


W 


f1 


& 


u 


f4- 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































'♦ FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYBROMETER 














■ 


















BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIOiHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 






. 


























No OF SHOT 


1 


z 


3 


-f 


s 


6 


7 


g 


*• 


10 


11 


1^ 


13 


1-9- 


IS 


•SCDRE 
































ELEVATION 






























\ 


WIND GAUGE 






























• 


*♦ DIRECTION 
















, 
















" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETEF 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLZ 














1 




1 














TIME 














. 



















94 



Vds Date: 



W 




Yds ITate 




Yds Date 




9j 



Nq df shot 


/ 


£ 


3 


^ 


if 


e 


'7 


s' 


S 1 10 


11 


1Z 


,3 


14- 


1^ 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 


■ 






























WJND QAUCE 
































•'' DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































, THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 




























1 


HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































PDWDEH 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































■TIME 
































ND QF SHOT 


/ 


Z 


3 


4- 


s 


e 


7 


^ 


9 


10 


11 


1A 


73 


14- 


U 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DJRECTiaN 
































'' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYSROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































GIGtHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 


































./ 


z 


3 


■f 


s 


6 


7 


g- 


9 


10 


i1 


1^- 


13 


It 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































," OIRECTIQN 
































•' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































UYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































3IGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 

































-90 



Yds Date: 



/^7 




Yds HDate 




Yds Date 




97 



No QF'SHnT- 


/ 


i 


d 


4- 


5- 


6 


7 


s' 


9 1 ,0 


a 


1. 


13 


14-\^S\ 


SCORE 




























1 1 


ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































'' DIRECTION 
































''' fdrce: 
































WEATHEa 
































DGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































PDVVDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































'TIME 
































. Na nr shot 


/ 


z 


3 


/}- 


s 


e 


/ 


g 


9 


10 


11 


1x. 


13 


14- 


1-T 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































"wind GiAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































^ '' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































■ 'LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYBROIMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIQHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































No QF SHOT 


1 


z 


3 


-f 


s 


6 


7 


r 


9 


10 


ii 


1^- 


13 


It 


IS 


•SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 























. 










" DIRECTION 
















t 
















" FORCE 
























' 








WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 




























■ 





98 



Vds Date 



/^7 




Yds Hate 




Yds Date 




No DF SHQT 


1 


I 





^ 


s- 


6 


7 


i 


9 


iO 


11 


1Z 


13 


14- 


IF 


SCORE 




























_ 


_ 


ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUQiE 
































•' DIRECTION 
































"' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































^ LIGHT 
































. THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 






















' 










BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 






























TIME 
































ND DF SHOT 


f 


z 


3 


'4- 


s 


e 


1 


s 


9 


10 


11 


fc 


Id 


n 


ij- 


SCORE 






























ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































*' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































• THERMOMETEfj 
































BAROMETER 
































HYBROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































GIQHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 


































J 


z 


3 


'^ 


s 


6 


7 


g 


s/ 


10 


11 


/-e 


IS 


n 


IS 


SCDRE 
































ELEVATION 






















, 










WIND GtAUGE 














J 
















' ' DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































' WEATHER ■ 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































, SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 

































soo 



Yd 3 Date 



f^7 




Yds Hate 




D3 Date 














iQi: 




















No GF SHOT 


/ 


, 





^ 


J- 


i 


7 


i' 


9 1 10 


11 


tz 


13 


14- 


IS ' 


SCDRE 
























, . 








ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUCE 
































" DIRECTION 






















, 










" FORCE 
































WEATHEB 






















! 










LIGHT 






















: 










THERMOMETER 






















' 










BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 






















; 










BULLET 
























1 






POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































ripFLE 
































-TIME 
































No nr SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


.4- 


s 


6 


7 


g 


9 


70 


// 


1a, 


1J 


1^ 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 






























1_" 


" DiRECTQN 






























•••' FORCE 






























WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































QiaHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 






























1 


No OF SHOT . 


r 


z 


3 


'f- 


s 


e 


7 


« 


*' 


10 


71 


/-s. 


IS 


tt 


1^ 


■SCQFIE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































'' DIRECTION 
































•' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LiGiHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE. . 
































TIME 

































102 



Yds Date 



/^7 




Yds Date 




Yds Hate 




103 



No OF SHOT 


/ 


. 





^ 


& 


6 


7 


ff 


9 1 10 


11 


fZ 


13 


14- 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUG,E 
































•'' DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIQHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROlvtETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































No Of SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


e 


7 


S 


9 


10 


f7 


1A 


Id 


/# 


1J- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































"wind gauge 
































"' DIRECTION 
































- FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETEFJ 
































BAROMETER' 
































HYBROMETER 
































BULLET 








... 
























POWDER 
































SICHT 
























* 


1r 






RIFLE 
































TIME 


































/ 


z 


3 


■f 


s 


6 


1 


g 


S> 


!o 


11 


/-a 


13 


It 


IS 


_ SCDRE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































'' DIRECTION 
































•'• FORCE 
































WEATHEK 
































LiGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
























■ 








SIGHT 




■ 




























RIFLE 
































TIME 

































104 



Yds Date: 



/^7 




Yds Hate 




Yds Date 




105 



No OF SHOT 


/ 


/J 


3 


4- 


» 


fi 


7 


■n 


s 


10 


11 


1Z 


13 


14- 


IS- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND QAUGiE 
































•'' DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIG,HT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































ND nr SHOT 


/ 


/2 


3 


4- 


s 


e 


1 


g 


9 


10 


11 


*•- 


13 


f'f- 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































«■ DIRECTION 
































*' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYBROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SICHT 
































'RIFLE 
































TIME 


































/ 


Z 


3 


^ 


s 


6 


7 


g 


9 


10 


i1 


1& 


IS 


It 


IS- 


•SCDRE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































♦' force: 
































WEATHER 
































LiaHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































3IGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 

































106 



Yd s Date 



/^7 




Yds Date 




Yds Dat! 




107 



No DF SHUT 


/ 


A 





■f 


& 


6 


7 


H 


9 1 10 


11 


1Z 


13 


1^ 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND QAUQ,E 
































•'' DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































ND DF SHOT 


/ 


Z 


3 


4- 


s 


g 


7 


s 


9 


10 


11 


IJC 


U 


14- 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































"wind GAUGE 
































"■ OIRECTiaiN 
































'* FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYSROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































•RIFLE 
































TIME 
































No OF SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


'J- 


s 


S 


7 


g 


9 


10 


fl 


U 


IS 


It 


15- 


scaRE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 




























- 




LiG.HT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 

































108 



Yds Date 



If^l 




Yds Hate 




Yds Date 




109 



Mq of shot 


1 


I 





■f 


S 


6 


1 


8' 


S 


10 


H 


u 


13 


l^h 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUCE- 
































•'' DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































ND DF SHOT 


i 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


e 


7 


s 


9 


10 


f1 


U. 


13 


14- 


iJ- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































'WIND GAUGE 
































'-*' DIRECTIGN 
































*'• FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LlGHt 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYDROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































IRIFL'E 
































TIME 


































<f 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


6 


1 


^ 


P 


10 


i1 


1^ 


13 


It 


IS- 


'SCQBE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































1 BULLET 
































j POW'OER 
































'.SIGHT 
































j RIFLE 
































1 TIME 






























^ 



IIU 



Yd 3 Date 



/57 




Yds I3ATE 




Yds Date 




Ill 



INo of shot 


/ 


I 





-f- 


& 


fi 


7 


i 


3 


10 


H 


tz 


13 


14- 


'is- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LiGiHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































No DF SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


6 


7 


g 


9 


10 


11 


1^. 


Id 


14- 


iS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































" WIND GAUGE 
































"' DIRECTiaN 
































*'' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































'LIGHT 
































THERMOMETEJ^ 
































BAROMETER! 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER^ 
































SIGHT 
































niFL'E 
































TIME 
































No OF 3HDT 


f 


z 


3 


^ 


s 


e 


r 


*" 


9 


10 


11 


lit 


13 


tt 


IS 


. ^BUORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































'' DIRECTION 
































'' FORCE 
































'WEATHER 
































L1G.HT 




























' 




THERMOMETEF 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 

































112 



Yds Date 



/^7 




Yds GDate 




Yds Date 




113 



No OF SHUT 


/ 


/S 





^^ 


s 


6 


7 


■n 


S 1 10 


11 


tz 


13 


14- \lS 


SCORE 




























1 


ELEVATION 
































WIND QAUCE- 
































•' DIRECTION 
































'' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































ND nr SHOT 


/ 


,2 


3 


4- 


s 


e 


7 


g 


9 


10 


11 


fc. 


13 


14- 


iJ- 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUG^ 
































'' DIRECTION 
































-' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































THERMOMETER 
































barometer: 
































HYBROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 


































/ 


Z 


3 


^ 


s 


6 


7 


g 


S> 


10 


i1 


u 


U 


It 


IS 


•SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 






























'■ 


WEATHER 
































LiQHT 
































THERMOMETER 




' 




























BAROMETER 


















1 














HYGROMETER 




i 




























BULLET 
































PQWOER 
































9IGHT 




1 




























RIFLE 
































ITIME - •- 






















, \ 











114 



Yd 3 Date 



ISI 




Yds Hate 




Yds Date 
















115 




















No DF SHOT 


/ 


& 





•f 


S 


c 


7 


8' 


9 1 iO 


11 


1Z 


13 


14- 


iJT 


SCORE 


























' 






ELEVATION ■ 
























■ 








WIND GiAUCe' 
































•'' DIRECTION 
































" FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
































. THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER 
































SIGHT 
































RIFLE 
































TIME 
































ND of SHOT 


/ 


z 


3 


4- 


s 


S 


7 


g 


3 


10 


11 


u. 


13 


14- 


ij" 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 


























. 






WIND GAUGE 




























. 




"' DIRECTION 
































• ' '■ FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































'LIGHT 
































THERMOMETEF 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 
































BULLET 
































POWDER. 








, 
























SIGHT 
































•RIFLE 
































TIME 


































1 


X. 


3 


4- 


s 


6 


7 


g 


9 


10 


11 


/^ 


IS 


It 


IS 


SCORE 
































ELEVATION 
































WIND GAUGE 
































" DIRECTION 
































*' FORCE 
































WEATHER 
































LIGHT 
























1 








THERMOMETER 
































BAROMETER 
































HYGROMETER 






























^ 


BULLET 
































POWDER 
























1 








SIGHT 
































1 RIFLE 
































TIME 
























1 









ORANBE POWDER 



LaQlBOnBd Folder Co. 

26 Murray Street, ITew York City. 



The ORANaE MILLS, celebrated for 
seventy years, still find favor with Sportsmen. 

ORANGrE POWDER is recommended 
and used by Capt. A. H. Bogardus, the " Champion 
Wing Shot of the World." 



CREEDMOOR BRAND. 



The brand above mentioned possesses, with suffi- 
cient density, great strength and cleanliness, and it has 
commended itself to the most competent judges. 



THE 



HAZARD POWDER CO. 

MANUFACTUREES OF 
FOR 

m^W, ^M, }m TJIRGET USE, 



Hazard's t" Electric" Powder. 



Hazard's "American Sporting." 



Hazard's "Duck Shooting. 



Hazard's "Kentucky Rifle.' 



1 



l,FFrGr, FFG, and " Sea Shooting" FG, in kegs and canisters. Burns strong and 
I il' moist. The 

pis the Standard Rifle Powder of the Country. 



It was used by the American Team at Creedmoor and Dublin, and is now univer- 
sally accepted as the very best for long range shooting. 

THE FOLLOWING DISTINGUISHED MARKSMEN 
Recommend and habitually use it : Col. Bodine, Gen. Dakin, Maj. Fulton, Messrs. 
Kathbone, Jewell, Hepburn, Anderson, Judd, Bruce, Ballard, Farwell, and others. 
It is well adapted for all classes of breech-loaders, and especially for "Remington 
Long Range (Creedmoor) Rifles." 

Gen. Dakin says :— " Your Fg is the only Powder to be relied on at 1000 yards." 

Of&ce, 88 Wall Street, New York. 

i. L. WHEELER, Sec'y. THO^ S. POPE, V. P. 



